Inhibitors of akt activity

ABSTRACT

The instant invention provides for substituted naphthyridine compounds that inhibit Akt activity. In particular, the compounds disclosed selectively inhibit one or two of the Akt isoforms. The invention also provides for compositions comprising such inhibitory compounds and methods of inhibiting Akt activity by administering the compound to a patient in need of treatment of cancer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to substituted naphthyridine compoundswhich are inhibitors of the activity of one or more of the isoforms ofthe serine/threonine kinase, Akt (also known as PKB; hereinafterreferred to as “Akt”). The present invention also relates topharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods ofusing the instant compounds in the treatment of cancer.

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays essential roles in embryonicdevelopment and pathogenesis of various diseases, such as degenerativeneuronal diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Recent work hasled to the identification of various pro- and anti-apoptotic geneproducts that are involved in the regulation or execution of programmedcell death. Expression of anti-apoptotic genes, such as Bcl2 orBcl-x_(L), inhibits apoptotic cell death induced by various stimuli. Onthe other hand, expression of pro-apoptotic genes, such as Bax or Bad,leads to programmed cell death (Adams et al. Science, 281:1322-1326(1998)). The execution of programmed cell death is mediated by caspase-1related proteinases, including caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8 andcaspase-9 etc (Thornberry et al. Science, 281:1312-1316 (1998)).

The phosphatidylinositol 3′-011 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway appearsimportant for regulating cell survival/cell death (Kulik et al. Mol.Cell. Biol. 17:1595-1606 (1997); Franke et al, Cell, 88:435-437 (1997);Kauffmann-Zeh et al. Nature 385:544-548 (1997) Hemmings Science,275:628-630 (1997); Dudek et al., Science, 275:661-665 (1997)). Survivalfactors, such as platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), nerve growthfactor (NGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), promote cellsurvival under various conditions by inducing the activity of PI3K(Kulik et al. 1997, Hemmings 1997). Activated PI3K leads to theproduction of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate(PtdIns(3,4,5)-P3), which in turn binds to, and promotes the activationof, the serine/threonine kinase Akt, which contains a pleckstrinhomology (PH)-domain (Franke et al Cell, 81:727-736 (1995); HemmingsScience, 277:534 (1997); Downward, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10:262-267(1998), Alessi et al., EMBO J. 15: 6541-6551 (1996)). Specificinhibitors of PI3K or dominant negative Akt mutants abolishsurvival-promoting activities of these growth factors or cytokines. Ithas been previously disclosed that inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002 orwortmannin) blocked the activation of Akt by upstream kinases. Inaddition, introduction of constitutively active PI3K or Akt mutantspromotes cell survival under conditions in which cells normally undergoapoptotic cell death (Kulik et al. 1997, Dudek et al. 1997).

Three members of the Akt subfamily of second-messenger regulatedserine/threonine protein kinases have been identified and termedAkt1/PKBα, Akt2/PKBβ, and Akt3/PKBγ (hereinafter referred to as “Akt1”,“Akt2” and “Akt3”), respectively. The isoforms are homologous,particularly in regions encoding the catalytic domains. Akts areactivated by phosphorylation events occurring in response to PI3Ksignaling. PI3K phosphorylates membrane inositol phospholipids,generating the second messengers phosphatidyl-inositol3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate, whichhave been shown to bind to the PH domain of Akt. The current model ofAkt activation proposes recruitment of the enzyme to the membrane by3′-phosphorylated phosphoinositides, where phosphorylation of theregulatory sites of Akt by the upstream kinases occurs (B. A. Hemmings,Science 275:628-630 (1997); B. A. Hemmings, Science 276:534 (1997); J.Downward, Science 279:673-674 (1998)).

Phosphorylation of Alkt1 occurs on two regulatory sites, Thr³⁰⁸ in thecatalytic domain activation loop and on Ser⁴⁷³ near the carboxy terminus(D. R. Alessi et al. EMBO J. 15:6541-6551 (1996) and R. Meier et al. J.Biol. Chem. 272:30491-30497 (1997)). Equivalent regulatoryphosphorylation sites occur in Akt2 and Akt3. The upstream kinase, whichphosphorylates Akt at the activation loop site has been cloned andtermed 3′-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1). PDK1phosphorylates not only Akt, but also p70 ribosomal S6 kinase, p90RSK,serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK), and protein kinase C.The upstream kinase phosphorylating the regulatory site of Akt near thecarboxy terminus has not been identified yet, but recent reports imply arole for the integrin-linked kinase (ILK-1), a serine/threonine proteinkinase, or autophosphorylation.

Analysis of Akt levels in human tumors showed that Akt2 is overexpressedin a significant number of ovarian (J. Q. Cheng et al. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 89:9267-9271 (1992)) and pancreatic cancers (J. Q. Cheng etal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:3636-3641 (1996)). Similarly, Akt3was found to be overexpressed in breast and prostate cancer cell lines(Nakatani et al. J. Biol. Chem. 274:21528-21532 (1999).

The tumor suppressor PTEN, a protein and lipid phosphatase thatspecifically removes the 3′ phosphate of PtdIns(3,4,5)-P3, is a negativeregulator of the PI3K/Akt pathway (Li et al. Science 275:1943-1947(1997), Stambolic et al. Cell 95:29-39 (1998), Sun et al. Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:6199-6204 (1999)). Germline mutations of PTEN areresponsible for human cancer syndromes such as Cowden disease (Liaw etal. Nature Genetics 16:64-67 (1997)). PTEN is deleted in a largepercentage of human tumors and tumor cell lines without functional PTENshow elevated levels of activated Akt (Li et al. supra, Guldberg et al.Cancer Research 57:3660-3663 (1997), Risinger et al. Cancer Research57:4736-4738 (1997)).

These observations demonstrate that the PI3K/Akt pathway plays importantroles for regulating cell survival or apoptosis in tumorigenesis.

Inhibition of Akt activation and activity can be achieved by inhibitingPI3K with inhibitors such as LY294002 and wortmannin. However, PI3Kinhibition has the potential to indiscriminately affect not just allthree Akt isozymes but also other PH domain-containing signalingmolecules that are dependent on PdtIns(3,4,5)-P3, such as the Tec familyof tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, it has been disclosed that Akt can beactivated by growth signals that are independent of PI3K.

Alternatively, Akt activity can be inhibited by blocking the activity ofthe upstream kinase PDK1. No specific PDK1 inhibitors have beendisclosed. Again, inhibition of PDK1 would result in inhibition ofmultiple protein kinases whose activities depend on PDK1, such asatypical PKC isoforms, SGK, and S6 kinases (Williams et al. Curr. Biol.10:439-448 (2000).

It is an object of the instant invention to provide novel compounds thatare inhibitors of Akt.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide pharmaceuticalcompositions that comprise the novel compounds that are inhibitors ofAkt.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method fortreating cancer that comprises administering such inhibitors of Aktactivity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The instant invention provides for substituted naphthyridine compoundsthat inhibit Akt activity. In particular, the compounds disclosedselectively inhibit one or two of the Akt isoforms. The invention alsoprovides for compositions comprising such inhibitory compounds andmethods of inhibiting Akt activity by administering the compound to apatient in need of treatment of cancer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The compounds of the instant invention are useful in the inhibition ofthe activity of the serine/threonine kinase Akt. In a first embodimentof this invention, the inhibitors of Akt activity are illustrated by theFormula A:

wherein:

R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;

R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl or heterocyclyl which are optionally substitutedwith from one to three substituents selected from OH, O(C₁-C₆)alkyl,phenyl and heterocyclyl, wherein said phenyl is optionally substitutedwith from one to three substituents selected from OH; and

R³ is a (C₁-C₃)alkyl or hydrogen;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof.

In a second embodiment of this invention, the inhibitors of Akt activityare illustrated by the Formula A,

wherein:

R¹ is aryl or heteroaryl;

R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl which is optionally substituted with from one tothree substituents selected from OH, O(C₁-C₆)alkyl and phenyl, whereinsaid phenyl is optionally substituted with from one to threesubstituents selected from OH; and

R³ is methyl or hydrogen;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof.

In a third embodiment of this invention, the inhibitors of Akt activityare illustrated by the Formula A,

wherein:

R¹ is 4-pyrazolyl;

R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl or heterocyclyl which are optionally substitutedwith from one to three substituents selected from OH, O(C₁-C₆)alkyl,phenyl and heterocyclyl, wherein said phenyl is optionally substitutedwith from one to three substituents selected from OH; and

R³ is methyl or hydrogen;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof.

In a fourth embodiment of this invention, the inhibitors of Akt activityare illustrated by the Formula A,

wherein:

R¹ is 4-pyrazolyl;

R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl which is optionally substituted with from one tothree substituents selected from OH, O(C₁-C₆)alkyl and phenyl, whereinsaid phenyl is optionally substituted with from one to threesubstituents selected from OH; and

R³ is methyl or hydrogen;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof.

In a fifth embodiment of this invention, the inhibitors of Akt activityare illustrated by the Formula A,

wherein:

R¹ is 4-pyrazolyl;

R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl which is optionally substituted with from one tothree substituents selected from OH and O(C₁-C₆)alkyl; and

R³ is methyl or hydrogen;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof.

In a sixth embodiment of this invention, the inhibitors of Akt activityare illustrated by the Formula A,

wherein:

R¹ is 4-pyrazolyl;

R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl which is optionally substituted with from one tothree substituents selected from OH and OCH₃; and

R³ is methyl or hydrogen;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof.

Specific compounds of the instant invention include:

-   2,2-dimethyl-3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-1-ol    (1-4);-   3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-1-ol    (1-5);-   {1-[({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)methyl]cyclobutyl}methanol    (1-6);-   {1-[({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)methyl]cyclopentyl}methanol    (1-7);-   {1-[({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)methyl]cyclohexyl}methanol    (1-8);-   4-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)butan-1-ol    (1-9);-   2,2-dimethyl-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-1-amine    (1-10);-   2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)ethanol    (1-11);-   [(1R,2S)-2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)    cyclohexyl]methanol (1-12);-   (2S)-1-methoxy-3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-2-ol    (1-13);-   1-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-yl]-N-{-4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}methanamine    (1-14);-   2-methyl-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-1-amine    (1-15);-   1-cyclopropyl-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}methenamine    (1-16);-   N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}cyclopentanamine    (1-17);-   [(1S,2R)-2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)cyclohexyl]methanol    (1-18);-   N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}-1H-indol-5-amine    (1-19);-   3-[2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)ethyl]phenol    (1-20);-   4-[2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)ethyl]phenol    (1-21);-   4-[1-hydroxy-2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propyl]phenol    (1-22);-   4-[(1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propyl]phenol    (1-23); and-   (2,2-dimethyl-3-{[(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethyl]amino}propan-1-ol    (2-6);    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.

Specific salts of the compounds of the instant invention include:

-   3-hydroxy-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-1-aminium    trifluoroacetate (1-5);-   [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}methanaminium    trifluoroacetate (1-6);-   [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}methanaminium    trifluoroacetate (1-7);-   [1-hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}methanaminium    trifluoroacetate (1-8);-   N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}-1H-indol-5-aminium    trifluoroacetate (1-19);-   2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}ethanaminium    trifluoroacetate (1-20);-   2(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}ethanaminium    chloride (1-21);-   1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-2-aminium    trifluoroacetate (1-22); and-   (1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-2-aminium    trifluoroacetate (1-23);    or a stereoisomer thereof.

Specific compounds of the instant invention include:

-   2,2-dimethyl-3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-1-ol    (1-4);-   3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-1-ol    (1-5);-   {1-[({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)methyl]cyclobutyl}methanol    (1-6);-   {1-[({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)methyl]cyclopentyl}methanol    (1-7);-   {1-[({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)methyl]cyclohexyl}methanol    (1-8);-   4-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)butan-1-ol    (1-9);-   2,2-dimethyl-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-1-amine    (1-10);-   2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)ethanol    (1-11);-   [(1R,2S)-2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)cyclohexyl]methanol    (1-12);-   (2S)-1-methoxy-3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-2-ol    (1-13);-   2-methyl-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-1-amine    (1-15);-   1-cyclopropyl-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}methanamine    (1-16);-   N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}cyclopentanamine    (1-17);-   [(1S,2R)-2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)cyclohexyl]methanol    (1-18); and-   (2,2-dimethyl-3-{[(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethyl]amino}propan-1-ol    (2-6);    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.

A compound of the instant invention is:

-   2,2-dimethyl-3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-1-ol    (1-4);    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The compounds of the present invention may have asymmetric centers,chiral axes, and chiral planes (as described in: E. L. Eliel and S. H.Wilen, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York,1994, pages 1119-1190), and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, and asindividual diastereomers, with all possible isomers and mixturesthereof, including optical isomers, all such stereoisomers beingincluded in the present invention.

In addition, the compounds disclosed herein may exist as tautomers andboth tautomeric forms are intended to be encompassed by the scope of theinvention, even though only one tautomeric structure is depicted.

This invention is also intended to encompass pro-drugs of the compoundsdisclosed herein. A prodrug of any of the compounds can be made usingwell known pharmacological techniques.

It is understood that one or more silicon (Si) atoms can be incorporatedinto the compounds of the instant invention in place of one or morecarbon atoms by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide compoundsthat are chemically stable and that can be readily synthesized bytechniques known in the art from readily available starting materials.Carbon and silicon differ in their covalent radius leading todifferences in bond distance and the steric arrangement when comparinganalogous C-element and Si-element bonds. These differences lead tosubtle changes in the size and shape of silicon-containing compoundswhen compared to carbon. One of ordinary skill in the art wouldunderstand that size and shape differences can lead to subtle ordramatic changes in potency, solubility, lack of off target activity,packaging properties, and so on. (Diass, J. O. et al. Organometallics(2006) 5:1188-1198; Showell, G. A. et al. Bioorganic & MedicinalChemistry Letters (2006) 16:2555-2558).

It is understood that substituents and substitution patterns on thecompounds of the instant invention can be selected by one of ordinaryskill in the art to provide compounds that are chemically stable andthat can be readily synthesized by techniques known in the art, as wellas those methods set forth below, from readily available startingmaterials. If a substituent is itself substituted with more than onegroup, it is understood that these multiple groups may be on the samecarbon or on different carbons, so long as a stable structure results.The phrase “optionally substituted with one or more substituents” shouldbe taken to be equivalent to the phrase “optionally substituted with atleast one substituent” and in such cases the preferred embodiment willhave from zero to four substituents, and the more preferred embodimentwill have from zero to three substituents.

As used herein, “(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl” is intended to include branched,straight-chain, cyclic and spirocyclic saturated aliphatic hydrocarbongroups having the specified number of carbon atoms. For example, C₁-C₁₀,as in “(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl” is defined to include groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbons in a linear, branched, cyclic or spirocyclicarrangement. Further, the compounds of the instant invention provideexamples that include branched, straight-chain, cyclic and spirocyclicmoieties and are encompassed by the “(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl” definition.

As used herein, “alkyl” is intended to include branched andstraight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having thespecified number of carbon atoms. For example, C₁-C₆, as in“(C₁-C₆)alkyl” is defined to include groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6carbons in a linear or branched arrangement. For example, “(C₁-C₆)alkyl”specifically includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl,t-butyl, i-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and so on.

As used herein, “aryl” is intended to mean any stable monocyclic orbicyclic carbon ring of up to 7 atoms in each ring, wherein at least onering is aromatic. Examples of such aryl elements include phenyl,naphthyl, tetrahydro-naphthyl, indanyl and biphenyl. In cases where thearyl substituent is bicyclic and one ring is non-aromatic, it isunderstood that attachment is via the aromatic ring.

In an embodiment, “aryl” means, phenyl and naphthyl.

The term “heteroaryl”, as used herein, represents a stable monocyclic orbicyclic ring of up to 7 atoms in each ring, wherein at least one ringis aromatic and contains from 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from the groupconsisting of O, N and S. Heteroaryl groups within the scope of thisdefinition include but are not limited to: acridinyl, carbazolyl,cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyrazolyl, indolyl, benzotriazolyl, furanyl,thienyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl,oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, indolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, tetrahydroquinoline. As with the definition ofheterocycle below, “heteroaryl” is also understood to include theN-oxide derivative of any nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In cases wherethe heteroaryl substituent is bicyclic and one ring is non-aromatic orcontains no heteroatoms, it is understood that attachment is via thearomatic ring or via the heteroatom containing ring, respectively. Suchheteraoaryl moieties for substituent Q include but are not limited to:2-benzimidazolyl, 2-quinolinyl, 3-quinolinyl, 4-quinolinyl,1-isoquinolinyl, 3-isoquinolinyl and 4-isoquinolinyl.

In an embodiment, “heteroaryl” means pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl,thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, indolyl, pyrrolyl, thiadiazolyl,oxadiazolyl, thienyl, firranyl, quinolinyl and isoforms thereof.

The term “heterocycle” or “heterocyclyl” as used herein is intended tomean a 3- to 10-membered aromatic or nonaromatic heterocycle containingfrom 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N andS, and includes bicyclic groups. “Heterocyclyl” therefore includes theabove mentioned heteroaryls, as well as dihydro and tetrathydro analogsthereof. Further examples of “heterocyclyl” include, but are not limitedto the following: benzoimidazolyl, benzoimidazolonyl, benzofuranyl,benzofurazanyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl,benzoxazolyl, carbazolyl, carbolinyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl,indolinyl, indolyl, indolazinyl, indazolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isoindolyl,isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthpyridinyl, oxadiazolyl,oxazolyl, oxazoline, isoxazoline, oxetanyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl,pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridopyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl,pyrimidyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl,tetrahydropyranyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl, thiadiazolyl,thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, azetidinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl,hexahydroazepinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyridin-2-onyl,pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydrobenzoimidazolyl,dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothiophenyl, dihydrobenzoxazolyl,dihydrofuranyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydroindolyl, dihydroisooxazolyl,dihydroisothiazolyl, dihydrooxadiazolyl, dihydrooxazolyl,dihydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyridinyl,dihydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydroquinolinyl,dihydrotetrazolyl, dihydrothiadiazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl,dihydrothienyl, dihydrotriazolyl, dihydroazetidinyl,methylenedioxybenzoyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothienyl, andN-oxides thereof. Attachment of a heterocyclyl substituent can occur viaa carbon atom or via a heteroatom.

In an embodiment, “heterocycle” or “heterocyclyl” means,benzoimidazolyl, benzoimidazolonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofurazanyl,benzopyrazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, furanyl,imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, indolazinyl, indazolyl, isobenzofuranyl,isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthpyridinyl,oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxazoline, isoxazoline, oxetanyl, pyranyl,pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridopyridinyl, pyridazinyl,pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl,tetrahydropyranyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl, thiadiazolyl,thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, azetidinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl,hexahydroazepinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyridin-2-onyl,pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydrobenzoimidazolyl,dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothiophenyl, dihydrobenzoxazolyl,dihydrofuranyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydroindolyl, dihydroisooxazolyl,dihydroisothiazolyl, dihydrooxadiazolyl, dihydrooxazolyl,dihydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyridinyl,dihydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydroquinolinyl,dihydrotetrazolyl, dihydrothiadiazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl,dihydrothienyl, dihydrotriazolyl, dihydroazetidinyl,methylenedioxybenzoyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothienyl, andN-oxides thereof.

In an embodiment, “heterocycle” or “heterocyclyl” means, indolyl, and1,4-dioxanyl.

In an embodiment, R¹ is aryl or heteroaryl.

In an embodiment, R¹ is aryl or heteroaryl, optionally substituted withfrom one to three substituents selected from OH, halo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl andO(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

In an embodiment, R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl which is optionally substitutedwith from one to three substituents selected from OH, O(C₁-C₆)alkyl andphenyl, wherein said phenyl is optionally substituted with from one tothree substituents selected from OH.

In an embodiment, R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl which is optionally substitutedwith from one to three substituents selected from OH and O(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

In an embodiment, R³ is H.

Included in the instant invention is the free form of compounds ofFormula A, as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts andstereoisomers thereof. Some of the isolated specific compoundsexemplified herein are the protonated salts of amine compounds. The term“free form” refers to the amine compounds in non-salt form. Theencompassed pharmaceutically acceptable salts not only include theisolated salts exemplified for the specific compounds described herein,but also all the typical pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the freeform of compounds of Formula A. The free form of the specific saltcompounds described may be isolated using techniques known in the art.For example, the free form may be regenerated by treating the salt witha suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous NaOH,potassium carbonate, ammonia and sodium bicarbonate. The free forms maydiffer from their respective salt forms somewhat in certain physicalproperties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but the acid and basesalts are otherwise pharmaceutically equivalent to their respective freeforms for purposes of the invention.

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the instant compounds can besynthesized from the compounds of this invention which contain a basicor acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, the saltsof the basic compounds are prepared either by ion exchangechromatography or by reacting the free base with stoichiometric amountsor with an excess of the desired salt-forming inorganic or organic acidin a suitable solvent or various combinations of solvents. Similarly,the salts of the acidic compounds are formed by reactions with theappropriate inorganic or organic base.

Thus, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of thisinvention include the conventional non-toxic salts of the compounds ofthis invention as formed by reacting a basic instant compound with aninorganic or organic acid. For example, conventional non-toxic saltsinclude those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric,hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like, aswell as salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic,succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic,pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic,salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxy-benzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic,methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, trifluoroacetic(TPA) and the like.

When the compound of the present invention is acidic, suitable“pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts prepared formpharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases including inorganic basesand organic bases. Salts derived from inorganic bases include aluminum,ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganicsalts, manganous, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like. Particularlypreferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodiumsalts. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxicbases include salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines,substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines,cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as arginine, betainecaffeine, choline, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamin,2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine,ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine,glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine,methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins,procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylaminetripropylamine, tromethamine and the like.

The preparation of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts described aboveand other typical pharmaceutically acceptable salts is more fullydescribed by Berg et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,” J. Pharm. Sci.,1977:66:1-19.

It will also be noted that the compounds of the present invention arepotentially internal salts or zwitterions, since under physiologicalconditions a deprotonated acidic moiety in the compound, such as acarboxyl group, may be anionic, and this electronic charge might then bebalanced off internally against the cationic charge of a protonated oralkylated basic moiety, such as a quaternary nitrogen atom.

Utility

The compounds of the instant invention are inhibitors of the activity ofAkt and are thus useful in the treatment of cancer, in particularcancers associated with irregularities in the activity of Akt anddownstream cellular targets of Akt. Such cancers include, but are notlimited to, ovarian, pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer, as well ascancers (including glioblastoma) where the tumor suppressor PTEN ismutated (Cheng et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (1992) 89:9267-9271; Chenget al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (1996) 93:3636-3641; Bellacosa et al.,Int. J. Cancer (1995) 64:280-285; Nakatani et al., J. Biol. Chem. (1999)274:21528-21532; Graff, Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets (2002) 6(1):103-113;and Yamada and Araki, J. Cell Science. (2001) 114:2375-2382; Mischel andCloughesy, Brain Pathol. (2003) 13(1):52-61).

The compounds, compositions and methods provided herein are particularlydeemed useful for the treatment of cancer. Cancers that may be treatedby the compounds, compositions and methods of the invention include, butare not limited to: Cardiac: sarcoma (angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma,rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma), myxoma, rhabdomyoma, fibroma, lipoma andteratoma; Lung: non-small cel lung, bronchogenic carcinoma (squamouscell, undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell,adenocarcinoma), alveolar (bronchiolar) carcinoma, bronchial adenoma,sarcoma, lymphoma, chondromatous hamartoma, mesothelioma;Gastrointestinal: esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma,leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma), stomach (carcinoma, lymphoma,leiomyosarcoma), pancreas (ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma,glucagonoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid tumors, vipoma), small bowel(adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, Karposils sarcoma,leiomyoma, hemangioma, lipoma, neurofibroma, fibroma), large bowel(adenocarcinoma, tubular adenoma, villous adenoma, hamartoma,leiomyoma), colon, colorectal, rectal; Genitourinary tract: kidney(adenocarcinoma, tumor [nephroblastoma], lymphoma, leukemia), bladderand urethra (squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma), prostate (adenocarcinoma, sarcoma), testis (seminoma,teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma,sarcoma, interstitial cell carcinoma, fibroma, fibroadenoma, adenomatoidtumors, lipoma); Liver: hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma),cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, angiosarcoma, hepatocellularadenoma, hemangioma; Bone: osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma),fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing'ssarcoma, malignant lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma), multiple myeloma,malignant giant cell tumor chordoma, osteochronfroma (osteocartilaginousexostoses), benign chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxofibroma,osteoid osteoma and giant cell tumors; Nervous system: skull (osteoma,hemangioma, granuloma, xanthoma, osteitis deformans), meninges(meningioma, meningiosarcoma, gliomatosis), brain (astrocytoma,medulloblastoma, glioma, ependymoma, germinoma [pinealoma], glioblastomamultiform, oligodendroglioma, schwannoma, retinoblastoma, congenitaltumors), spinal cord neurofibroma, meningioma, glioma, sarcoma);Gynecological: uterus (endometrial carcinoma), cervix (cervicalcarcinoma, pre-tumor cervical dysplasia), ovaries (ovarian carcinoma[serous cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, unclassifiedcarcinoma], granulosa-thecal cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors,dysgerminoma, malignant teratoma), vulva (squamous cell carcinoma,intraepithelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma, melanoma),vagina (clear cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, botryoid sarcoma(embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma), fallopian tubes (carcinoma); Hematologic:blood (myeloid leukemia [acute and chronic], acute lymphoblasticleukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloproliferative diseases,multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome), Hodgkin's disease,non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [malignant lymphoma]; Skin: malignant melanoma,basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Karposi's sarcoma, molesdysplastic nevi, lipoma, angioma, dermatofibroma, keloids, psoriasis;and Adrenal glands: neuroblastoma. Thus, the term “cancerous cell” asprovided herein, includes a cell afflicted by any one of theabove-identified conditions.

Cancers that may be treated by the compounds, compositions and methodsof the invention include, but are not limited to: breast, prostate,colon, colorectal, lung, non-small cell lung, brain, testicular,stomach, pancrease, skin, small intestine, large intestine, throat, headand neck, oral, bone, liver, bladder, kidney, thyroid and blood.

Cancers that may be treated by the compounds, compositions and methodsof the invention include: breast, prostate, colon, ovarian, colorectal,lung and non-small cell lung.

Cancers that may be treated by the compounds, compositions and methodsof the invention include: breast, colon, (colorectal) and lung(non-small cell lung).

Cancers that may be treated by the compounds, compositions and methodsof the invention include: lymphoma and leukemia.

The compounds of the instant invention are useful for the treatment ofbreast cancer.

The compounds of the instant invention are useful for the treatment ofprostate cancer.

Akt signaling regulates multiple critical steps in angiogenesis.Shiojima and Walsh, Circ. Res. (2002) 90:1243-1250. The utility ofangiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of cancer is known in theliterature, see J. Rak et al. Cancer Research, 55:4575-4580, 1995 andDredge et al., Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. (2002) 2(8):953-966, forexample. The role of angiogenesis in cancer has been shown in numeroustypes of cancer and tissues: breast carcinoma (G. Gasparini and A. L.Harris, J. Clin. Oncol., 1995, 13:765-782; M. Toi et al., Japan. J.Cancer Res., 1994, 85:1045-1049); bladder carcinomas (A. J. Dickinson etal., Br. J. Urol., 1994, 74:762-766); colon carcinomas (L. M. Ellis etal., Surgery, 1996, 120(5):871-878); and oral cavity tumors (J. K.Williams et al., Am. J. Surg., 1994, 168:373-380). Other cancersinclude, advanced tumors, hairy cell leukemia, melanoma, advanced headand neck, metastatic renal cell, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, metastaticbreast, breast adenocarcinoma, advanced melanoma, pancreatic, gastric,glioblastoma, lung, ovarian, non-small cell lung, prostate, small celllung, renal cell carcinoma, various solid tumors, multiple myeloma,metastatic prostate, malignant glioma, renal cancer, lymphoma,refractory metastatic disease, refractory multiple myeloma, cervicalcancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, recurrent anaplastic glioma, and metastaticcolon cancer (Dredge et al., Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. (2002)2(8):953-966). Thus, the Akt inhibitors disclosed in the instantapplication are also useful in the treatment of these angiogenesisrelated cancers.

Tumors which have undergone neovascularization show an increasedpotential for metastasis. In fact, angiogenesis is essential for tumorgrowth and metastasis. (S. P. Cunningham, et al., Can. Research, 61:3206-3211 (2001)). The Akt inhibitors disclosed in the presentapplication are therefore also useful to prevent or decrease tumor cellmetastasis.

Further included within the scope of the invention is a method oftreating or preventing a disease in which angiogenesis is implicated,which is comprised of administering to a mammal in need of suchtreatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of thepresent invention. Ocular neovascular diseases are an example ofconditions where much of the resulting tissue damage can be attributedto aberrant infiltration of blood vessels in the eye (see WO 00/30651,published 2 Jun. 2000). The undesirable infiltration can be triggered byischemic retinopathy, such as that resulting from diabetic retinopathy,retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vein occlusions, etc., or bydegenerative diseases, such as the choroidal neovascularization observedin age-related macular degeneration. Inhibiting the growth of bloodvessels by administration of the present compounds would thereforeprevent the infiltration of blood vessels and prevent or treat diseaseswhere angiogenesis is implicated, such as ocular diseases like retinalvascularization, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration,and the like.

Further included within the scope of the invention is a method oftreating or preventing a non-malignant disease in which angiogenesis isimplicated, including but not limited to: ocular diseases (such as,retinal vascularization, diabetic retinopathy and age-related maculardegeneration), atherosclerosis, arthritis, psoriasis, obesity andAlzheimer's disease (Dredge et al., Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. (2002)2(8):953-966). In another embodiment, a method of treating or preventinga disease in which angiogenesis is implicated includes: ocular diseases(such as, retinal vascularization, diabetic retinopathy and age-relatedmacular degeneration), atherosclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis.

Further included within the scope of the invention is a method oftreating hyperproliferative disorders such as restenosis, inflammation,autoimmune diseases and allergy/asthma.

Further included within the scope of the instant invention is the use ofthe instant compounds to coat stents and therefore the use of theinstant compounds on coated stents for the treatment and/or preventionof restenosis (WO03/032809).

Further included within the scope of the instant invention is the use ofthe instant compounds for the treatment and/or prevention ofosteoarthritis (WO03/035048). Further included within the scope of theinvention is a method of treating hyperinsulinism.

The compounds of the invention are also useful in preparing a medicamentthat is useful in treating the diseases described above, in particularcancer.

In an embodiment of the invention, the instant compound is a selectiveinhibitor whose inhibitory efficacy is dependent on the PH domain. Inthis embodiment, the compound exhibits a decrease in in vitro inhibitoryactivity or no in vitro inhibitory activity against truncated Aktproteins lacking the PH domain.

In a further embodiment, the instant compound is selected from the groupof a selective inhibitor of Akt1, a selective inhibitor of Akt2 and aselective inhibitor of both Akt1 and Akt2.

In another embodiment, the instant compound is selected from the groupof a selective inhibitor of Akt1, a selective inhibitor of Akt2, aselective inhibitor of Akt3 and a selective inhibitor of two of thethree Akt isoforms.

In another embodiment, the instant compound is a selective inhibitor ofall three Akt isoforms, but is not an inhibitor of one, two or all ofsuch Akt isoforms that have been modified to delete the PH domain, thehinge region or both the PH domain and the hinge region.

The present invention is further directed to a method of inhibiting Aktactivity which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof apharmaceutically effective amount of the instant compound.

The compounds of this invention may be administered to mammals,including humans, either alone or, in combination with pharmaceuticallyacceptable carriers, excipients or diluents, in a pharmaceuticalcomposition, according to standard pharmaceutical practice. Thecompounds can be administered orally or parenterally, including theintravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal andtopical routes of administration.

The pharmaceutical compositions containing the active ingredient may bein a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches,lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules,emulsions, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs. Compositionsintended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known tothe art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and suchcompositions may contain one or more agents selected from the groupconsisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents andpreserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant andpalatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient inadmixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients whichare suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients may be forexample, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate,lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating anddisintegrating agents, for example, microcrystalline cellulose, sodiumcrosscarmellose, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, forexample starch, gelatin, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone or acacia, andlubricating agents, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid ortalc. The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by knowntechniques to mask the unpleasant taste of the drug or delaydisintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and therebyprovide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a watersoluble taste masking material such as hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose orhydroxypropylcellulose, or a time delay material such as ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate buryrate may be employed.

Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsuleswherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, forexample, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as softgelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with watersoluble carrier such as polyethyleneglycol or an oil medium, for examplepeanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.

Aqueous suspensions contain the active material in admixture withexcipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Suchexcipients are suspending agents, for example sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose,sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia;dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide,for example lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide withfatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensationproducts of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, forexample heptadecaethylene-oxycetanol, or condensation products ofethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and ahexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensationproducts of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acidsand hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate.The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, forexample ethyl, or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloringagents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents,such as sucrose, saccharin or aspartame.

Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredientin a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil orcoconut oil, or in mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oilysuspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hardparaffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forthabove, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oralpreparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of ananti-oxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisol or alpha-tocopherol.

Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueoussuspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient inadmixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and oneor more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents andsuspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above.Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloringagents, may also be present. These compositions may be preserved by theaddition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the formof an oil-in-water emulsion. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, forexample olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquidparaffin or mixtures of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may benaturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean lecithin, andesters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitolanhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation productsof the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for examplepolyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also containsweetening, flavouring agents, preservatives and antioxidants.

Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for exampleglycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations mayalso contain a demulcent, a preservative, flavoring and coloring agentsand antioxidant.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of sterile injectableaqueous solutions. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that maybe employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloridesolution.

The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectableoil-in-water microemulsion where the active ingredient is dissolved inthe oily phase. For example, the active ingredient may be firstdissolved in a mixture of soybean oil and lecithin. The oil solutionthen introduced into a water and glycerol mixture and processed to forma microemulation.

The injectable solutions or microemulsions may be introduced into apatient's blood-stream by local bolus injection. Alternatively, it maybe advantageous to administer the solution or microemulsion in such away as to maintain a constant circulating concentration of the instantcompound. In order to maintain such a constant concentration, acontinuous intravenous delivery device may be utilized. An example ofsuch a device is the Deltec CADD-PLUS™ model 5400 intravenous pump.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterileinjectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension for intramuscular andsubcutaneous administration. This suspension may be formulated accordingto the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents andsuspending agents which have been mentioned above. The sterileinjectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution orsuspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent,for example as a solution in 1,3-butane diol. In addition, sterile,fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspendingmedium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed includingsynthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleicacid find use in the preparation of injectables.

Compounds of Formula A may also be administered in the form ofsuppositories for rectal administration of the drug. These compositionscan be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritatingexcipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at therectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release thedrug. Such materials include cocoa butter, glycerinated gelatin,hydrogenated vegetable oils, mixtures of polyethylene glycols of variousmolecular weights and fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol.

For topical use, creams, ointments, jellies, solutions or suspensions,etc., containing the compound of Formula A are employed. (For purposesof this application, topical application shall include mouth washes andgargles.)

The compounds for the present invention can be administered inintranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles anddelivery devices, or via transdermal routes, using those forms oftransdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in theart. To be administered in the form of a transdermal delivery system,the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather thanintermittent throughout the dosage regimen. Compounds of the presentinvention may also be delivered as a suppository employing bases such ascocoa butter, glycerinated gelatin, hydrogenated vegetable oils,mixtures of polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights and fattyacid esters of polyethylene glycol.

When a composition according to this invention is administered into ahuman subject, the daily dosage will normally be determined by theprescribing physician with the dosage generally varying according to theage, weight, and response of the individual patient, as well as theseverity of the patient's symptoms.

The dosage regimen utilizing the compounds of the instant invention canbe selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type,species, age, weight, sex and the type of cancer being treated; theseverity (i.e., stage) of the cancer to be treated; the route ofadministration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and theparticular compound or salt thereof employed. An ordinarily skilledphysician or veterinarian can readily determine and prescribe theeffective amount of the drug required to treat, for example, to prevent,inhibit (fully or partially) or arrest the progress of the disease. Forexample, compounds of the instant invention can be administered in atotal daily dose of up to 10,000 mg. Compounds of the instant inventioncan be administered once daily (QD), or divided into multiple dailydoses such as twice daily (BID), and three times daily (TID). Compoundsof the instant invention can be administered at a total daily dosage ofup to 10,000 mg, e.g., 2,000 mg, 3,000 mg, 4,000 mg, 6,000 mg, 8,000 mgor 10,000 mg, which can be administered in one daily dose or can bedivided into multiple daily doses as described above.

For example, compounds of the instant invention can be administered in atotal daily dose of up to 1,000 mg. Compounds of the instant inventioncan be administered once daily (QD), or divided into multiple dailydoses such as twice daily (BID), and three times daily (TID). Compoundsof the instant invention can be administered at a total daily dosage ofup to 1,000 mg, e.g., 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg or 1,000mg, which can be administered in one daily dose or can be divided intomultiple daily doses as described above.

In addition, the administration can be continuous, i.e., every day, orintermittently. The terms “intermittent” or “intermittently” as usedherein means stopping and starting at either regular or irregularintervals. For example, intermittent administration of a compound of theinstant invention may be administration one to six days per week or itmay mean administration in cycles (e.g. daily administration for two toeight consecutive weeks, then a rest period with no administration forup to one week) or it may mean administration on alternate days.

In addition, the compounds of the instant invention may be administeredaccording to any of the schedules described above, consecutively for afew weeks, followed by a rest period. For example, the compounds of theinstant invention may be administered according to any one of theschedules described above from two to eight weeks, followed by a restperiod of one week, or twice daily at a dose of 100-500 mg for three tofive days a week. In another particular embodiment, the compounds of theinstant invention may be administered three times daily for twoconsecutive weeks, followed by one week of rest.

Any one or more of the specific dosages and dosage schedules of thecompounds of the instant invention, may also be applicable to any one ormore of the therapeutic agents to be used in the combination treatment(hereinafter referred to as the “second therapeutic agent”).

Moreover, the specific dosage and dosage schedule of this secondtherapeutic agent can further vary, and the optimal dose, dosingschedule and route of administration will be determined based upon thespecific second therapeutic agent that is being used.

Of course, the route of administration of the compounds of the instantinvention is independent of the route of administration of the secondtherapeutic agent. In an embodiment, the administration for a compoundof the instant invention is oral administration. In another embodiment,the administration for a compound of the instant invention isintravenous administration. Thus, in accordance with these embodiments,a compound of the instant invention is administered orally orintravenously, and the second therapeutic agent can be administeredorally, parenterally, intraperitoneally, intravenously, intraarterially,transdermally, sublingually, intramuscularly, rectally, transbuccally,intranasally, liposomally, via inhalation, vaginally, intraoccularly,via local delivery by catheter or stent, subcutaneously,intraadiposally, intraarticularly, intrathecally, or in a slow releasedosage form.

In addition, a compound of the instant invention and second therapeuticagent may be administered by the same mode of administration, i.e. bothagents administered e.g. orally, by IV. However, it is also within thescope of the present invention to administer a compound of the instantinvention by one mode of administration, e.g. oral, and to administerthe second therapeutic agent by another mode of administration, e.g. IVor any other ones of the administration modes described hereinabove.

The first treatment procedure, administration of a compound of theinstant invention, can take place prior to the second treatmentprocedure, i.e., the second therapeutic agent, after the treatment withthe second therapeutic agent, at the same time as the treatment with thesecond therapeutic agent, or a combination thereof. For example, a totaltreatment period can be decided for a compound of the instant invention.The second therapeutic agent can be administered prior to onset oftreatment with a compound of the instant invention or followingtreatment with a compound of the instant invention. In addition,anti-cancer treatment can be administered during the period ofadministration of a compound of the instant invention but does not needto occur over the entire treatment period of a compound of the instantinvention.

The instant compounds are also useful in combination with therapeutic,chemotherapeutic and anti-cancer agents. Combinations of the presentlydisclosed compounds with therapeutic, chemotherapeutic and anti-canceragents are within the scope of the invention. Examples of such agentscan be found in Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology by V. T.Devita and S. Hellman (editors), 6^(th) edition (Feb. 15, 2001),Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers. A person of ordinary skill inthe art would be able to discern which combinations of agents would beuseful based on the particular characteristics of the drugs and thecancer involved. Such agents include the following: estrogen receptormodulators, androgen receptor modulators, retinoid receptor modulators,cytotoxic/cytostatic agents, antiproliferative agents, prenyl-proteintransferase inhibitors, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and otherangiogenesis inhibitors, iffy protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptaseinhibitors, inhibitors of cell proliferation and survival signaling,bisphosphonates, aromatase inhibitors, siRNA therapeutics, γ-secretaseinhibitors, agents that interfere with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)and agents that interfere with cell cycle checkpoints. The instantcompounds are particularly useful when co-administered with radiationtherapy.

“Estrogen receptor modulators” refers to compounds that interfere withor inhibit the binding of estrogen to the receptor, regardless ofmechanism. Examples of estrogen receptor modulators include, but are notlimited to, tamoxifen, raloxifene, idoxifene, LY353381, LY117081,toremifene, fulvestrant,4-[7-(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy-4-methyl-2-[4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl]-phenyl-2,2-dimethylpropanoate,4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone-2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazone, and SH646.

“Androgen receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere orinhibit the binding of androgens to the receptor, regardless ofmechanism. Examples of androgen receptor modulators include finasterideand other 5α-reductase inhibitors, nilutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide,liarozole, and abiraterone acetate.

“Retinoid receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere orinhibit the binding of retinoids to the receptor, regardless ofmechanism. Examples of such retinoid receptor modulators includebexarotene, tretinoin, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid,α-difluoromethylornithine, 1LX23-7553, trans-N-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide, and N-4-carboxyphenyl retinamide.

“Cytotoxic/cytostatic agents” refer to compounds which cause cell deathor inhibit cell proliferation primarily by interfering directly with thecell's functioning or inhibit or interfere with cell myosis, includingalkylating agents, tumor necrosis factors, intercalators, hypoxiaactivatable compounds, microtubule inhibitors/microtubule-stabilizingagents, inhibitors of mitotic kinesins, histone deacetylase inhibitors,inhibitors of kinases involved in mitotic progression, inhibitors ofkinases involved in growth factor and cytokine signal transductionpathways, antimetabolites, biological response modifiers,hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, haematopoietic growthfactors, monoclonal antibody targeted therapeutic agents, topoisomeraseinhibitors, proteosome inhibitors, ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, andaurora kinase inhibitors.

Examples of cytotoxic/cytostatic agents include, but are not limited to,sertenef, cachectin, ifosfamide, tasonermin, lonidamine, carboplatin,altretamine, prednimustine, dibromodulcitol, ranimustine, fotemustine,nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, heptaplatin, estramustine,improsulfan tosilate, trofosfamide, nimustine, dibrospidium chloride,pumitepa, lobaplatin, satraplatin, profiromycin, cisplatin, irofulven,dexifosfamide, cis-aminedichloro(2-methyl-pyridine)platinum,benzylguanine, glufosfamide, GPX100, (trans, trans,trans)-bis-mu-(hexane-L6-diamine)-mu-[diamine-platinum(II)]bis[diamine(chloro)platinum(II)]tetrachloride, diarizidinylspermine, arsenic trioxide,1-(11-dodecylamino-10-hydroxyundecyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine, zorubicin,idarubicin, daunorubicin, bisantrene, mitoxantrone, pirarubicin,pinafide, valrubicin, amrubicin, antineoplaston,3′-deamino-3′-morpholino-13-deoxo-10-hydroxycaminomycin, annamycin,galarubicin, elinafide,MEN10755,4-demethoxy-3-deamino-3-aziridinyl-4-methylsulphonyl-daunorubicin(see WO 00/50032), Raf kinase inhibitors (such as Bay43-9006) and mTORinhibitors (such as Wyeth's CCI-779).

An example of a hypoxia activatable compound is tirapazamine.

Examples of proteosome inhibitors include but are not limited tolactacystin and MLN-341 (Velcade).

Examples of microtubule inhibitors/microtubule-stabilising agentsinclude paclitaxel, vindesine sulfate,3′,4′-didehydro-4′-deoxy-8′-norvincaleukoblastine, docetaxol, rhizoxin,dolastatin, mivobulin isethionate, auristatin, cemadotin, RPR109881,BMS184476, vinflunine, cryptophycin,2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-N-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)benzene sulfonamide,anhydrovinblastine,N,N-dimethyl-L-valyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline-t-butylamide,TDX258, the epothilones (see for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,284,781 and6,288,237) and BMS188797. In an embodiment the epothilones are notincluded in the microtubule inhibitors/microtubule-stabilising agents.

Some examples of topoisomerase inhibitors are topotecan, hycaptamine,irinotecan, rubitecan,6-ethoxypropionyl-3′,4′-O-exo-benzylidene-chartreusin,9-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-5-nitropyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-2-(6H)propanamine,1-amino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H,12H-benzo[de]pyrano[3′,4′:b,7]-indolizino[1,2b]quinoline-10,13(9H,15H)dione,lurtotecan, 742-(N-isopropylamino)ethyl]-(20S)camptothecin, BNP1350,BNPI1100, BN80915, BN80942, etoposide phosphate, teniposide, sobuzoxane,2′-dimethylamino-2′-deoxy-etoposide, GL331,N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole-1-carboxamide,asulacrine,(5a,5aB,8aa,9b)-9-[2-[N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methylamino]ethyl]-5-[4-hydro0xy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-hexohydrofuro(3′,′:6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxol-6-one,2,3-(methylenedioxy)-5-methyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxybenzo[c]-phenanthridinium,6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]benzo[d]soquinoline-5,10-dione,5-(3-aminopropylamino)-7,10-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)-6H-pyrazolo[4,5,1-de]acridin-6-one,N-[1-[2(diethylamino)ethylamino]-7-methoxy-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-4-ylmethyl]formamide,N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acridine-4-carboxamide,6-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-7H-indeno[2,1-c]quinolin-7-one,and dimesna.

Examples of inhibitors of mitotic kinesins, and in particular the humanmitotic kinesin KSP, are described in Publications WO03/039460,WO03/050064, WO03/050122, WO03/049527, WO03/049679, WO03/049678,WO04/039774, WO03/079973, WO03/099211, WO03/105855, WO03/106417,WO04/037171, WO04/058148, WO04/058700, WO04/126699, WO05/018638,WO05/019206, WO05/019205, WO05/018547, WO05/017190, US2005/0176776. Inan embodiment inhibitors of mitotic kinesins include, but are notlimited to inhibitors of KSP, inhibitors of MKLP1, inhibitors of CENP-E,inhibitors of MCAK and inhibitors of Rab6-KIFL.

Examples of “histone deacetylase inhibitors” include, but are notlimited to, SAHA, TSA, oxamflatin, PXD101, MG98 and scriptaid. Furtherreference to other histone deacetylase inhibitors may be found in thefollowing manuscript; Miller, T. A. et al. J. Med. Chem.46(24):5097-5116 (2003).

“Inhibitors of kinases involved in mitotic progression” include, but arenot limited to, inhibitors of aurora kinase, inhibitors of Polo-likekinases (PLK; in particular inhibitors of PLK-1), inhibitors of bub-1and inhibitors of bub-R1. An example of an “aurora kinase inhibitor” isVX-680.

“Antiproliferative agents” includes antisense RNA and DNAoligonucleotides such as G3139, ODN698, RVASKRAS, GEM231, and INX3001,and antimetabolites such as enocitabine, carmofur, tegafur, pentostatin,doxifluridine, trimetrexate, fludarabine, capecitabine, galocitabine,cytarabine ocfosfate, fosteabine sodium hydrate, raltitrexed,paltitrexid, emitefitr, tiazofurin, decitabine, nolatrexed, pemetrexed,nelzarabine, 2′-deoxy-2′-methylidenecytidine,2′-fluoromethylene-2′-deoxycytidine,N-[5-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuryl)sulfonyl]-N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea,N6-[4-deoxy-4-[N2-[2(E),4(E)-tetradecadienoyl]glycylamino]-L-glycero-B-L-manno-heptopyranosyl]adenine,aplidine, ecteinascidin, troxacitabine,4-[2-amino-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrimidino[5,4-b][1,4]thiazin-6-yl-(S)-ethyl]-2,5-thienoyl-L-glutamicacid, aminopterin, 5-fluorouracil, alanosine,11-acetyl-8-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-4-formyl-6-methoxy-14-oxa-1,1′-diazatetracyclo(7.4.1.0.0)-tetradeca-2,4,6-trien-9-ylacetic acid ester, swainsonine, lometrexol, dexrazoxane, methioninase,2′-cyano-2′-deoxy-N4-palmitoyl-1-B-D-arabino furanosyl cytosine,3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone and trastuzumab.

Examples of monoclonal antibody targeted therapeutic agents includethose therapeutic agents which have cytotoxic agents or radioisotopesattached to a cancer cell specific or target cell specific monoclonalantibody. Examples include Bexxar.

“HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors” refers to inhibitors of3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Examples of HMG-CoA reductaseinhibitors that may be used include but are not limited to lovastatin(MEVACOR®; see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,231,938, 4,294,926 and 4,319,039),simvastatin (ZOCOR®; see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,444,784, 4,820,850 and4,916,239), pravastatin (PRAVACHOL®; see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,346,227,4,537,859, 4,410,629, 5,030,447 and 5,180,589), fluvastatin (LESCOL®;see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,354,772, 4,911,165, 4,929,437, 5,189,164,5,118,853, 5,290,946 and 5,356,896), atorvastatin (LIPITOR®; see U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,273,995, 4,681,893, 5,489,691 and 5,342,952) andcerivastatin (also known as rivastatin and BAYCHOL®; see U.S. Pat. No.5,177,080). The structural formulas of these and additional HMG-CoAreductase inhibitors that may be used in the instant methods aredescribed at page 87 of M. Yalpani, “Cholesterol Lowering Drugs”,Chemistry & Industry, pp. 85-89 (5 Feb. 1996) and U.S. Pat. Nos.4,782,084 and 4,885,314. The term HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor as usedherein includes all pharmaceutically acceptable lactone and open-acidforms (i.e., where the lactone ring is opened to form the free acid) aswell as salt and ester forms of compounds which have HMG-CoA reductaseinhibitory activity, and therefor the use of such salts, esters,open-acid and lactone forms is included within the scope of thisinvention.

“Prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor” refers to a compound whichinhibits any one or any combination of the prenyl-protein transferaseenzymes, including farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase),geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGPTase-I), andgeranylgeranyl-protein transferase type-II (GGPTase-II, also called RabGGPTase).

Examples of prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors can be found in thefollowing publications and patents: WO 96/30343, WO 97/18813, WO97/21701, WO 97/23478, WO 97/38665, WO 98/28980, WO 98/29119, WO95/32987, U.S. Pat. No. 5,420,245, U.S. Pat. No. 5,523,430, U.S. Pat.No. 5,532,359, U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,510, U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,485, U.S.Pat. No. 5,602,098, European Patent Publ. 0 618 221, European PatentPubl. 0 675 112,

European Patent Publ. 0 604 181, European Patent Publ. 0 696 593, WO94/19357, WO 95/08542, WO 95/11917, WO 95/12612, WO 95/12572, WO95/10514, U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,152, WO 95/10515, WO 95/10516, WO95/24612, WO 95/34535, WO 95/25086, WO 96/05529, WO 96/06138, WO96/06193, WO 96/16443, WO 96/21701, WO 96/21456, WO 96/22278, WO96/24611, WO 96/24612, WO 96/05168, WO 96/05169, WO 96/00736, U.S. Pat.No. 5,571,792, WO 96/17861, WO 96/33159, WO 96/34850, WO 96/34851, WO96/30017, WO 96/30018, WO 96/30362, WO 96/30363, WO 96/31111, WO96/31477, WO 96/31478, WO 96/31501, WO 97/00252, WO 97/03047, WO97/03050, WO 97/04785, WO 97/02920, WO 97/17070, WO 97/23478, WO97/26246, WO 97/30053, WO 97/44350, WO 98/02436, and U.S. Pat. No.5,532,359. For an example of the role of a prenyl-protein transferaseinhibitor on angiogenesis see European J. of Cancer, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp.1394-1401 (1999).

“Angiogenesis inhibitors” refers to compounds that inhibit the formationof new blood vessels, regardless of mechanism. Examples of angiogenesisinhibitors include, but are not limited to, tyrosine kinase inhibitors,such as inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase receptors Flt-1 (VEGFR1) andFlk-1/KDR (VEGFR2), inhibitors of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived,or platelet derived growth factors, MMP (matrix metalloprotease)inhibitors, integrin blockers, interferon-α, interleukin-β, pentosanpolysulfate, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including nonsteroidalanti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen as well asselective cyclooxy-genase-2 inhibitors like celecoxib and rofecoxib(PNAS, Vol. 89, p. 7384 (1992); JNCI, Vol. 69, p. 475 (1982); Arch.Opthalmol., Vol. 108, p. 573 (1990); Anat. Rec., Vol. 238, p. 68 (1994);FEBS Letters, Vol. 372, p. 83 (1995); Clin, Orthop. Vol. 313, p. 76(1995); J. Endocrinol., Vol. 16, p. 107 (1996); Jpn. J. Pharmacol., Vol.75, p. 105 (1997); Cancer Res., Vol. 57, p. 1625 (1997); Cell, Vol. 93,p. 705 (1998); Intl. J. Mol. Med., Vol. 2, p. 715 (1998); J. Biol.Chem., Vol. 274, p. 9116 (1999)), steroidal anti-inflammatories (such ascorticosteroids, mineralocorticoids, dexamethasone, prednisone,prednisolone, methylpred, betamethasone), carboxyamidotriazole,combretastatin A-4, squalamine, 6-O-chloroacetyl-carbonyl)-fumagillol,thalidomide, angiostatin, troponin-1, angiotensin 11 antagonists (seeFernandez et al., J. Lab. Clin. Med. 105:141-145 (1985)), and antibodiesto VEGF (see, Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 17, pp. 963-968 (October 1999);Kim et al., Nature, 362, 841-844 (1993); WO 00/44777; and WO 00/61186).

Other therapeutic agents that modulate or inhibit angiogenesis and mayalso be used in combination with the compounds of the instant inventioninclude agents that modulate or inhibit the coagulation and fibrinolysissystems (see review in Clin. Chem. La. Med. 38:679-692 (2000)). Examplesof such agents that modulate or inhibit the coagulation and fibrinolysispathways include, but are not limited to, heparin (see Thromb. Haemost.80:10-23 (1998)), low molecular weight heparins and carboxypeptidase Uinhibitors (also known as inhibitors of active thrombin activatablefibrinolysis inhibitor [TAFIa]) (see Thrombosis Res. 101:329-354(2001)). TAFIa inhibitors have been described in U.S. Ser. Nos.60/310,927 (filed Aug. 8, 2001) and 60/349,925 (filed Jan. 18, 2002).

“Agents that interfere with cell cycle checkpoints” refer to compoundsthat inhibit protein kinases that transduce cell cycle checkpointsignals, thereby sensitizing the cancer cell to DNA damaging agents.Such agents include inhibitors of ATR, ATM, the CHK11 and CHK12 kinasesand cdk and cdc kinase inhibitors and are specifically exemplified by7-hydroxystaurosporin, flavopiridol, CYC202 (Cyclacel) and BMS-387032.

“Agents that interfere with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)” refer tocompounds that inhibit RTKs and therefore mechanisms involved inoncogenesis and tumor progression.

Such agents include inhibitors of c-Kit, Eph, PDGF, Flt3 and c-Met.Further agents include inhibitors of RTKs as described by Burne-Jensenand Hunter, Nature, 411:355-365, 2001.

“Inhibitors of cell proliferation and survival signalling pathway” referto compounds that inhibit signal transduction cascades downstream ofcell surface receptors. Such agents include inhibitors ofserine/threonine kinases (including but not limited to inhibitors of Aktsuch as described in WO 02/083064, WO 02/083139, WO 02/083140, US2004-0116432, WO 02/083138, US 2004-0102360, WO 03/086404, WO 03/086279,WO 03/086394, WO 03/084473, WO 03/086403, WO 2004/041162, WO2004/096131, WO 2004/096129, WO 2004/096135, WO 2004/096130, WO2005/100356, WO 2005/100344, US 2005/029941, US 2005/44294, US2005/43361, 60/734,188, 60/652,737, 60/670,469), inhibitors of Rafkinase (for example BAY-43-9006), inhibitors of MEK (for example CI-1040and PD-098059), inhibitors of mTOR (for example Wyeth CCI-779), andinhibitors of PI3K (for example LY294002).

As described above, the combinations with NSAID's are directed to theuse of NSAID's which are potent COX-2 inhibiting agents. For purposes ofthis specification an NSAID is potent if it possesses an IC₅₀ for theinhibition of COX-2 of 1 μM or less as measured by cell or microsomalassays.

The invention also encompasses combinations with NSAID's which areselective COX-2 inhibitors. For purposes of this specification NSAID'swhich are selective inhibitors of COX-2 are defined as those whichpossess a specificity for inhibiting COX-2 over COX-1 of at least 100fold as measured by the ratio of IC₅₀ for COX-2 over IC₅₀ for COX-1evaluated by cell or microsomal assays. Such compounds include, but arenot limited to those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,995, U.S. Pat. No.5,861,419, U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,843, U.S. Pat. No. 6,020,343, U.S. Pat.No. 5,409,944, U.S. Pat. No. 5,436,265, U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,752, U.S.Pat. No. 5,550,142, U.S. Pat. No. 5,604,260, U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,584,U.S. Pat. No. 5,710,140, WO 94/15932, U.S. Pat. No. 5,344,991, U.S. Pat.No. 5,134,142, U.S. Pat. No. 5,380,738, U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,790, U.S.Pat. No. 5,466,823, U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,272 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,598,all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Inhibitors of COX-2 that are particularly useful in the instant methodof treatment are: 3-phenyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5H)-furanone;and5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(2-methyl-5-pyridinyl)pyridine; ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Compounds that have been described as specific inhibitors of COX-2 andare therefore useful in the present invention include, but are notlimited to, the following: parecoxib, BEXTRA® and CELEBREX® or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Other examples of angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limitedto, endostatin, ukrain, raripimase, IM862,5-methoxy-4-[2-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxiranyl]-1-oxaspiro[2,5]oct-6-yl(chloroacetyl)carbamate,acetyldinanaline,5-amino-1-[(3,5-dichloro-4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide,CM101, squalamine, combretastatin, RPI4610, NX31838, sulfatedmannopentaose phosphate,7,7-(carbonyl-bis[imino-N-methyl-4,2-pyrrolocarbonylimino[N-methyl-4,2-pyrrole]-carbonylimino]-bis-(1,3-naphthalenedisulfonate), and 3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylene]-2-indolinone(SU5416).

As used above, “integrin blockers” refers to compounds which selectivelyantagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand tothe α_(v)β₃ integrin, to compounds which selectively antagonize, inhibitor counteract binding of a physiological ligand to the αvβ5 integrin, tocompounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of aphysiological ligand to both the α_(v)β₃ integrin and the α_(v)β₅integrin, and to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract theactivity of the particular integrin(s) expressed on capillaryendothelial cells. The term also refers to antagonists of the α_(v)β₆,α_(v)β₈, α₁β₁, α₂β₁, α₅β₁, α_(v)β₁ and α₆β₄ integrins. The term alsorefers to antagonists of any combination of α_(v)β₃, α_(v)β₅, α_(v)β₆,α_(v)β₈, α₁β₁, α₂β₁, α₅β₁, α₆β₁ and α₆β₄ integrins.

Some specific examples of tyrosine kinase inhibitors includeN-(trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-carboxamide,3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylidenypindolin-2-one,17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin,4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)-7-methoxy-6-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxyliquinazoline,N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-quinazolinamine,BIBX1382,2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-(hydroxymethyl)-10-hydroxy-9-methyl-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3′,2′,1′-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i][1,6]benzodiazocin-1-one,SH268, genistein, STI571, CEP2563,4-(3-chlorophenylamino)-5,6-dimethyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinemethanesulfonate, 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline,4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline, SU6668, STI571A,N-4-chlorophenyl-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1-phthalazinamine, and EMD121974.

Combinations with compounds other than anti-cancer compounds are alsoencompassed in the instant methods. For example, combinations of theinstantly claimed compounds with PPAR-γ (i.e., PPAR-gamma) agonists andPPAR-δ (i.e., PPAR-delta) agonists are useful in the treatment ofcertain malingnancies. PPAR-γ and PPAR-δ are the nuclear peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptors γ and δ. The expression of PPAR-γ onendothelial cells and its involvement in angiogenesis has been reportedin the literature (see J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1998; 31:909-913; J.Biol. Chem. 1999; 274:9116-9121; Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2000;41:2309-2317). More recently, PPAR-γ agonists have been shown to inhibitthe angiogenic response to VEGF in vitro; both troglitazone androsiglitazone maleate inhibit the development of retinalneovascularization in mice. (Arch. Ophthamol. 2001; 119:709-717).Examples of PPAR-γ agonists and PPAR-γ/α agonists include, but are notlimited to, thiazolidinediones (such as DRF2725, CS-011, troglitazone,rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone), fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate,GW2570, SB219994, AR-H039242, JTT-501, MCC-555, GW2331, GW409544,NN2344, KRP297, NP0110, DRF4158, NN622, GI262570, PNU182716, DRF552926,2-[(5,7-dipropyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)oxy]-2-methylpropionicacid (disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 09/782,856), and2(R)-7-(3-(2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy)propoxy)-2-ethylchromane-2-carboxylicacid (disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 60/235,708 and 60/244,697).

Another embodiment of the instant invention is the use of the presentlydisclosed compounds in combination with gene therapy for the treatmentof cancer. For an overview of genetic strategies to treating cancer seeHall et al (Am. J. Hum. Genet. 61:785-789, 1997) and Kufe et al (CancerMedicine, 5th Ed, pp 876-889, B C Decker, Hamilton 2000). Gene therapycan be used to deliver any tumor suppressing gene. Examples of suchgenes include, but are not limited to, p53, which can be delivered viarecombinant virus-mediated gene transfer (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,134,for example), a uPA/uPAR antagonist (“Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of auPA/uPAR Antagonist Suppresses Angiogenesis-Dependent Tumor Growth andDissemination in Mice,” Gene Therapy, August 1998; 5(8):1105-13), andinterferon gamma (J. Immunol. 2000; 164:217-222).

The compounds of the instant invention may also be administered incombination with an inhibitor of inherent multidrug resistance (MDR), inparticular MDR associated with high levels of expression of transporterproteins. Such MDR inhibitors include inhibitors of p-glycoprotein(P-gp), such as LY335979, XR9576, OC144-093, R101922, VX853 and PSC833(valspodar).

A compound of the present invention may be employed in conjunction withanti-emetic agents to treat nausea or emesis, including acute, delayed,late-phase, and anticipatory emesis, which may result from the use of acompound of the present invention, alone or with radiation therapy. Forthe prevention or treatment of emesis, a compound of the presentinvention may be used in conjunction with other anti-emetic agents,especially neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, 5HT3 receptor antagonists,such as ondansetron, granisetron, tropisetron, and zatisetron, GABABreceptor agonists, such as baclofen, a corticosteroid such as Decadron(dexamethasone), Kenalog, Aristocort, Nasalide, Preferid, Benecorten orothers such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,789,118, 2,990,401,3,048,581, 3,126,375, 3,929,768, 3,996,359, 3,928,326 and 3,749,712, anantidopaminergic, such as the phenothiazines (for exampleprochlorperazine, fluphenazine, thioridazine and mesoridazine),metoclopramide or dronabinol. In another embodiment, conjunctive therapywith an anti-emesis agent selected from a neurokinin-1 receptorantagonist, a 5HT3 receptor antagonist and a corticosteroid is disclosedfor the treatment or prevention of emesis that may result uponadministration of the instant compounds.

Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists of use in conjunction with thecompounds of the present invention are fully described, for example, inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,162,339, 5,232,929, 5,242,930, 5,373,003, 5,387,595,5,459,270, 5,494,926, 5,496,833, 5,637,699, 5,719,147; European PatentPublication Nos. EP 0 360 390, 0 394 989, 0 428 434, 0 429 366, 0 430771, 0 436 334, 0 443 132, 0 482 539, 0 498 069, 0 499 313, 0 512 901, 0512 902, 0 514 273, 0 514 274, 0 514 275, 0 514 276, 0 515 681, 0 517589, 0 520 555, 0 522 808, 0 528 495, 0 532 456, 0 533 280, 0 536 817, 0545 478, 0 558 156, 0 577 394, 0 585 913,0 590 152, 0 599 538, 0 610793, 0 634 402, 0 686 629, 0 693 489, 0 694 535, 0 699 655, 0 699 674, 0707 006, 0 708 101, 0 709 375, 0 709 376, 0 714 891, 0 723 959, 0 733632 and 0 776 893; PCT International Patent Publication Nos. WO90/05525, 90/05729, 91/09844, 91/18899, 92/01688, 92106079, 92112151,92/15585, 92/17449, 92/20661, 92/20676, 92/21677, 92/22569, 93/00330,93/00331, 93/01159, 93/01165, 93/01169, 93/01170, 93/06099, 93/09116,93/10073, 93/14084, 93/14113, 93/18023, 93/19064, 93/21155, 93/21181,93/23380, 93/24465, 94/00440, 94/01402, 94/02461, 94/02595, 94/03429,94/03445, 94/04494, 94/04496, 94/05625, 94/07843, 94/08997, 94/10165,94/10167, 94/10168, 94/10170, 94/11368, 94/13639, 94/13663, 94/14767,94/15903, 94/19320, 94/19323, 94/20500, 94/26735, 94/26740, 94/29309,95/02595, 95/04040, 95/04042, 95/06645, 95/07886, 95/07908, 95/08549,95/11880, 95/14017, 95/15311, 95/16679, 95/17382, 95/18124, 95/18129,95/19344, 95/20575, 95/21819, 95/22525, 95/23798, 95/26338, 95/28418,95/30674, 95/30687, 95/33744, 96/05181, 96/05193, 96/05203, 96/06094,96/07649, 96/10562, 96/16939, 96/18643, 96/20197, 96/21661,96/29304,96/29317, 96/29326, 96/29328, 96/31214, 96/32385, 96/37489, 97/01553,97/01554, 97/03066, 97/08144, 97/14671, 97/17362, 97/18206, 97/19084,97/19942 and 97/21702; and in British Patent Publication Nos. 2 266 529,2 268 931, 2 269 170, 2 269 590, 2 271 774, 2 292 144, 2 293 168, 2 293169, and 2 302 689. The preparation of such compounds is fully describedin the aforementioned patents and publications, which are incorporatedherein by reference.

In an embodiment, the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist for use inconjunction with the compounds of the present invention is selectedfrom:2-(R)-(1-(R)-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethoxy)-3-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(3-(5-oxo-1H,4H-1,2,4-triazolo)methyl)morpholine,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is described inU.S. Pat. No. 5,719,147.

A compound of the instant invention may also be administered with anagent useful in the treatment of anemia. Such an anemia treatment agentis, for example, a continuous eythropoiesis receptor activator (such asepoetin alfa).

A compound of the instant invention may also be administered with anagent useful in the treatment of neutropenia. Such a neutropeniatreatment agent is, for example, a hematopoietic growth factor whichregulates the production and function of neutrophils such as a humangranulocyte colony stimulating factor, (G-CSF). Examples of a G-CSFinclude filgrastim.

A compound of the instant invention may also be administered with animmunologic-enhancing drug, such as levamisole, isoprinosine andZadaxin.

A compound of the instant invention may also be useful for treating orpreventing cancer in combination with P450 inhibitors including:xenobiotics, quinidine, tyramine, ketoconazole, testosterone, quinine,methyrapone, caffeine, phenelzine, doxorubicin, troleandomycin,cyclobenzaprine, erythromycin, cocaine, furafyline, cimetidine,dextromethorphan, ritonavir, indinavir, amprenavir, diltiazem,terfenadine, verapamil, cortisol, itraconazole, mibefradil, nefazodoneand nelfinavir.

A compound of the instant invention may also be useful for treating orpreventing cancer in combination with Pgp and/or BCRP inhibitorsincluding: cyclosporin A, PSC833, GF120918, cremophorEL, fumitremorginC, Ko132, Ko134, Iressa, Imatnib mesylate, EKI-785, Cl1033, novobiocin,diethylstilbestrol, tamoxifen, resperpine, VX-710, tryprostatin A,flavonoids, ritonavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, omeprazole, quinidine,verapamil, terfenadine, ketoconazole, nifidepine, FK506, amiodarone,XR9576, indinavir, amprenavir, cortisol, testosterone, LY335979,OC144-093, erythromycin, vincristine, digoxin and talinolol.

A compound of the instant invention may also be useful for treating orpreventing cancer, including bone cancer, in combination withbisphosphonates (understood to include bisphosphonates, diphosphonates,bisphosphonic acids and diphosphonic acids). Examples of bisphosphonatesinclude but are not limited to: etidronate (Didronel), pamidronate(Aredia), alendronate (Fosamax), risedronate (Actonel), zoledronate(Zometa), ibandronate (Boniva), incadronate or cimadronate, clodronate,EB-1053, minodronate, neridronate, piridronate and tiludronate includingany and all pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derivatives, hydrates andmixtures thereof.

A compound of the instant invention may also be useful for treating orpreventing breast cancer in combination with aromatase inhibitors.Examples of aromatase inhibitors include but are not limited to:anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane.

A compound of the instant invention may also be useful for treating orpreventing cancer in combination with siRNA therapeutics.

The compounds of the instant invention may also be administered incombination with γ-secretase inhibitors and/or inhibitors of NOTCHsignaling. Such inhibitors include compounds described in WO 01/90084,WO 02/30912, WO 01/70677, WO 03/013506, WO 02/36555, WO 03/093252, WO03/093264, WO 03/093251, WO 03/093253, WO 2004/039800, WO 2004/039370,WO 2005/030731, WO 2005/014553, U.S. Ser. No. 10/957,251, WO2004/089911, WO 02/081435, WO 02/081433, WO 03/018543, WO 2004/031137,WO 2004/031139, WO 2004/031138, WO 2004/101538, WO 2004/101539 and WO02/47671 (including LY-450139).

Inhibitors of Akt, as disclosed in the following publications; WO02/083064, WO 02/083139, WO 02/083140, US 2004-0116432, WO 02/083138, US2004-0102360, WO 03/086404, WO 03/086279, WO 03/086394, WO 03/084473, WO03/086403, WO 2004/041162, WO 2004/096131, WO 2004/096129, WO2004/096135, WO 2004/096130, WO 2005/100356, WO 2005/100344, US2005/029941, US 2005/44294, US 2005/43361, 60/734,188, 60/652,737,60/670,469, and including compounds of the instant invention, are alsouseful in combination with potassium salts, magnesium salts,beta-blockers (such as atenolol) and endothelin-a (ETa)antagonists withthe goal of maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis.

Inhibitors of Akt, as disclosed in the following publications; WO02/083064, WO 02/083139, WO 02/083140, US 2004-0116432, WO 02/083138, US2004-0102360, WO 03/086404, WO 03/086279, WO 03/086394, WO 03/084473, WO03/086403, WO 2004/041162, WO 2004/096131, WO 2004/096129, WO20041096135, WO 2004/096130, WO 2005/100356, WO 2005/100344, US2005/029941, US 2005/44294, US 2005/43361, 60/734,188, 60/652,737,60/670,469, and including compounds of the instant invention, are alsouseful in combination with insulin, insulin secretagogues, PPAR-gammaagonists, metformin, somatostatin receptor agonists such as octreotide,DPP4 inhibitors, sulfonylureas and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors with thegoal of maintaining glucose homeostasis.

A compound of the instant invention may also be useful for treating orpreventing cancer in combination with PARP inhibitors.

A compound of the instant invention may also be useful for treatingcancer in combination with the following therapeutic agents: abarelix(Plenaxis Depot®); aldesleukin (Prokine®); Aldesleukin (Proleukin®);Alemtuzumabb (Campath®); alitretinoin (Panretin); allopurinol(Zyloprim®); altretamine (Hexylene®); amifostine (Ethyol®); anastrozole(Arimidex®); arsenic trioxide (Trisenox®); asparaginase (Elspar®);azacitidine (Vidaza®); bevacuzimab (Avastin®); bexarotene capsules(Targretin®); bexarotene gel (Targretin®); bleomycin (Blenoxane®);bortezomib (Velcade®); busulfan intravenous (Busulfex®); busulfan oral(Myleran®); calusterone (Methosarb®); capecitabine (Xeloda®);carboplatin (Paraplatin®); carmustine (BCNU®, BiCNU®); carmustine(Gliadel®); carmustine with Polifeprosan 20 Implant (Gliadel Wafer®);celecoxib (Celebrex®); cetuximab (Erbitux®); chlorambucil (Leukeran®);cisplatin (Platinol®); cladribine (Leustatin®, 2-CdA®); clofarabine(Clolar®); cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®, Neosar®); cyclophosphamide(Cytoxan Injection®); cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan Tablet®); cytarabine(Cytosar-U®); cytarabine liposomal (DepoCyt®); dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome®);dactinomycin, actinomycin D (Cosmegen®); Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp®);daunorubicin liposomal (DanuoXome®); daunorubicin, daunomycin(Daunorubicin®); daunorubicin, daunomycin (Cerubidine®); Denileukindiftitox (Ontak®); dexrazoxane (Zinecard®); docetaxel (Taxotere®);doxorubicin (Adriamycin PFS®); doxorubicin (Adriamycin®, Rubex®);doxorubicin (Adriamycin PFS Injection®); doxorubicin liposomal (Doxil®);dromostanolone propionate (Dromostanolone®); dromostanolone propionate(Masterone Injection®); Elliott's B Solution (Elliott's B Solution®);epirubicin (Ellence®); Epoetin alfa (Epogen®); erlotinib (Tarceva®);estramustine (Emcyt®); etoposide phosphate (Etopophos®); etoposide,VP-16 (Vepeside); exemestane (Aromasin®); Filgrastim (Neupogen®);floxuridine (intraarterial) (FUDR®); fludarabine (Fludara®);fluorouracil, 5-FU (Adrucil®); fulvestrant (Faslodex®); gefitinib(Iressa®); gemcitabine (Gemzar®); gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®);goserelin acetate (Zoladex Implant®); goserelin acetate (Zoladex®);histrelin acetate (Histrelin Implant®); hydroxyurea (Hydrea®);Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin®); idarubicin (Idamycin®); ifosfamide(IFEX®); imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®); interferon alfa 2a (Roferon A®);Interferon alfa-2b (Intron AC)); irinotecan (Camptosar®); lenalidomide(Revlimid®); letrozole (Femara®); leucovorin (Wellcovorine,Leucovorin®); Leuprolide Acetate (Eligard®); levamisole (Ergamisol®);lomustine, CCNU (CeeBU); meclorethamine, nitrogen mustard (Mustargen®);megestrol acetate (Megace®); melphalan, L-PAM (Alkeran®);mercaptopurine, 6-MP (Purinethol®); mesna (Mesnex®); mesna (MesnexTabs®); methotrexate (Methotrexate®); methoxsalen (Uvadex®); mitomycin C(Mutamycin®); mitotane (Lysodren®); mitoxantrone (Novantrone®);nandrolone phenpropionate (Durabolin-50®); nelarabine (Arranon®);Nofetumomab (Verluma®); Oprelvekin (Neumega®); oxaliplatin (Eloxatin®);paclitaxel (Paxene®); paclitaxel (Taxol®); paclitaxel protein-boundparticles (Abraxane®); palifermin (Kepivance®); pamidronate (Aredia®);pegademase (Adagen (Pegademase Bovine)®); pegaspargase (Oncaspar®);Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®); pemetrexed disodium (Alimta®); pentostatin(Nipent®); pipobroman (Vercyte®); plicarnycin, mithramycin (Mithracin®);porfimer sodium (Photofrin®); procarbazine (Matulane®); quinacrine(Atabrine®); Rasburicase (Elitek®); Rituximab (Rituxan®); sargramostim(Leukine®); Sargramostim (Prokine®); sorafenib (Nexavar®); streptozocin(Zanosar®); sunitinib maleate (Sutent®); talc (Sclerosole); tamoxifen(Nolvadex®); temozolomide (Temodar®); teniposide, VM-26 (Vumon®);testolactone (Teslac®); thioguanine, 6-TG (Thioguanine®); thiotepa(Thioplex®); topotecan (Hycamtin®); toremifene (Fareston®); Tositumomab(Bexxar®); Tositumomab/1-131 tositumomab (Bexxar®); Trastuzumab(Herceptin®); tretinoin, ATRA (Vesanoid®); Uracil Mustard (UracilMustard Capsules®); valrubicin (Valstarg); vinblastine (Velban®);vincristine (Oncovin®); vinorelbine (Navelbine®); zoledronate (Zometa®)and vorinostat (Zolinza®).

The compounds of the instant invention are useful for treating cancer incombination with taxanes.

The compounds of the instant invention are useful for treating cancer incombination with docetaxel (Taxotere®).

The compounds of the instant invention are useful for treating cancer incombination with vorinostat (Zolinza®).

The compounds of the instant invention are useful for treating cancer incombination with the aurora kinase inhibitor, MK-0457.

The compounds of the instant invention are useful for treating cancer incombination with the mTor inhibitor, AP 23573.

The compounds of the instant invention are useful for treating cancer incombination with the IGFIR inhibitor, MK-0646.

The compounds of the instant invention are useful for treating cancer incombination with satraplatin.

The compounds of the instant invention are useful for treating cancer incombination with lapatinib (Tykerb)

Thus, the scope of the instant invention encompasses the use of theinstantly claimed compounds in combination with a second compoundselected from: an estrogen receptor modulator, an androgen receptormodulator, a retinoid receptor modulator, a cytotoxic/cytostatic agent,an antiproliferative agent, a prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor, anHMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, an HIV protease inhibitor, a reversetranscriptase inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, PPAR-γ agonists,PPAR-δ agonists, an inhibitor of inherent multidrug resistance, ananti-emetic agent, an agent useful in the treatment of anemia, an agentuseful in the treatment of neutropenia, an immunologic-enhancing drug,an inhibitor of cell proliferation and survival signaling, abisphosphonate, an aromatase inhibitor, an siRNA therapeutic,γ-secretase inhibitors, agents that interfere with receptor tyrosinekinases (RTKs), an agent that interferes with a cell cycle checkpointand any of the therapeutic agents listed above.

The term “administration” and variants thereof (e.g., “administering” acompound) in reference to a compound of the invention means introducingthe compound or a prodrug of the compound into the system of the animalin need of treatment. When a compound of the invention or prodrugthereof is provided in combination with one or more other active agents(e.g., a cytotoxic agent, etc.), “administration” and its variants areeach understood to include concurrent and sequential introduction of thecompound or prodrug thereof and other agents.

As used herein, the term “composition” is intended to encompass aproduct comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts,as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, fromcombination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” as used herein means thatamount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits thebiological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal or humanthat is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor orother clinician.

The term “treating cancer” or “treatment of cancer” refers toadministration to a mammal afflicted with a cancerous condition andrefers to an effect that alleviates the cancerous condition by killingthe cancerous cells, but also to an effect that results in theinhibition of growth and/or metastasis of the cancer,

In an embodiment, the angiogenesis inhibitor to be used as the secondcompound is selected from a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, an inhibitor ofepidermal-derived growth factor, an inhibitor of fibroblast-derivedgrowth factor, an inhibitor of platelet derived growth factor, an MMP(matrix metalloprotease) inhibitor, an integrin blocker, interferon-α,interleukin-β, pentosan polysulfate, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor,carboxyamidotriazole, combretastatin A-4, squalamine,6-O-chloroacetyl-carbonyl)-fumagillol, thalidomide, angiostatin,troponin-1, or an antibody to VEGF. In an embodiment, the estrogenreceptor modulator is tamoxifen or raloxifene.

Also included in the scope of the claims is a method of treating cancerthat comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of the instant invention in combination with radiation therapyand/or in combination with a second compound selected from: an estrogenreceptor modulator, an androgen receptor modulator, a retinoid receptormodulator, a cytotoxiccytostatic agent, an antiproliferative agent, aprenyl-protein transferase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, anHIV protease inhibitor, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, anangiogenesis inhibitor, PPAR-γ agonists, PPAR-δ agonists, an inhibitorof inherent multidrug resistance, an anti-emetic agent, an agent usefulin the treatment of anemia, an agent useful in the treatment ofneutropenia, an immunologic-enhancing drug, an inhibitor of cellproliferation and survival signaling, a bisphosphonate, an aromataseinhibitor, an siRNA therapeutic, γ-secretase inhibitors, agents thatinterfere with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), an agent thatinterferes with a cell cycle checkpoint and any of the therapeuticagents listed above.

And yet another embodiment of the invention is a method of treatingcancer that comprises administering a therapeutically effective amountof a compound of the instant invention in combination with paclitaxel ortrastuzumab.

The invention further encompasses a method of treating or preventingcancer that comprises administering a therapeutically effective amountof a compound of the instant invention in combination with a COX-2inhibitor.

The instant invention also includes a pharmaceutical composition usefulfor treating or preventing cancer that comprises a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of the instant invention and a secondcompound selected from: an estrogen receptor modulator, an androgenreceptor modulator, a retinoid receptor modulator, acytotoxic/cytostatic agent, an antiproliferative agent, a prenyl-proteintransferase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, an HIV proteaseinhibitor, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor,a PPAR-γ agonist, a PPAR-δ agonist, an inhibitor of cell proliferationand survival signaling, a bisphosphonate, an aromatase inhibitor, ansiRNA therapeutic, γ-secretase inhibitors, agents that interfere withreceptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), an agent that interferes with a cellcycle checkpoint and any of the therapeutic agents listed above.

All patents, publications and pending patent applications identified arehereby incorporated by reference.

Abbreviations used in the description of the chemistry and in theExamples that follow are: AEBSF (p-aminoethylbenzenesulfonyl fluoride);BSA (bovine serum albumin); Cal (calculated); Calc'd (calculated); CDCl3(chloroform-d); DCE (dichloroethane); DCM (dichloromethane); DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide); DTT (dithiothreitol); EDTA(ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid); EGTA (ethylene-glycol-tetra-aceticacid); Eq (equivalents); EtOAc (ethyl acetate); HOAc (acetic acid); HPLC(high-performance liquid chromatography); HRMS (high resolution massspectrum); LCMS (liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer); LRMS (lowresolution mass spectrum); MeCN (acetonitrile); MeOH (methanol); NaHCO3(sodium bicarbonate); Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate); Na(OAc)₃BH (sodiumtriacetoxyborohydride); NMP (N-methylpyrrolidinone); NMR (nuclearmagnetic resonance); PBS (phosphate buffered saline); PCR (polymerasechain reaction); Pd(Ph3P)2Cl2 (bis-triphenylphosphinepalladiumdichloride); Sat (saturated); TBAF (tetrabutylammonium fluoride); THF(tetrahydrofuran); and TFA (trifluoroacteic acid).

The compounds of this invention may be prepared by employing reactionsas shown in the following Reaction Schemes, in addition to otherstandard manipulations that are known in the literature or exemplifiedin the experimental procedures. The illustrative Reaction Schemes below,therefore, are not limited by the compounds listed or by any particularsubstituents employed for illustrative purposes. Substituent numberingas shown in the Reaction Schemes does not necessarily correlate to thatused in the claims and often, for clarity, a single substituent is shownattached to the compound where multiple substituents are allowed underthe definitions of Formula A herein above.

Synopsis of Reaction Schemes

Utilizing the following general Reaction Schemes, Reaction Schemes I-II,one of ordinary skill in the art would be able to synthesize thesubstituted bicyclic molecules (see Formula A) of the instant invention.The requisite intermediates are in some cases commercially available orcan be prepared according to literature procedures.

As illustrated in Reaction Scheme I, a chloronaphthyridine derivativeI-1 is fanetion.alized using methods familiar to one of ordinary skillin the art, in this case with a heteroaryl ring using apalladium-catalyzed coupling reaction, to give naphthyridine I-2 (seeFormula A, R¹ is aryl or heteroaryl). Unmasking of the aldehyde throughremoval of an acetal protecting group under acidic conditions providesaldehyde I-3. Functionalization of aldehyde I-3 in the presence of anamine and a reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride,generates I-4 see Formula A, R²).

As illustrated in Reaction Scheme II, an alternative reaction sequenceinvolves preparation of chloronaphthyridine II-3 from aldehyde II-1first by forming imine II-2 using tert-butyl-sulfinamide, then reactingimine II-2 with nucleophiles such as methylmagnesium bromide.Chloronaphthyridine II-3 can be functionalized with a heteroaryl ringusing a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction and the amine deprotectedunder acidic conditions, such as hydrochloric acid, to give amine II-4(see Formula A, 12.1 is aryl or heteroaryl). Functionalization of amineII-4 in the presence of an aldehyde under reducing conditions, such assodium triacetoxyborohydride provides II-5 (see Formula A, R²).

EXAMPLES

Examples and schemes provided are intended to assist in a furtherunderstanding of the invention. Particular materials employed, speciesand conditions are intended to be further illustrative of the inventionand do not limit the reasonable scope thereof.

2,2-dimethyl-3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-1-ol(1-4)2-[4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridine(1-2)

To a solution of5-chloro-2-[4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridine(1-1, Reference: WO2006135627A2, Dec. 21, 2006) (1.7 g, 4.2 mmol) in DMF(100 mL) was added tert-butyl4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-11/pyrazole-1-carboxylate(2.5 g, 8.6 mmol), cesium carbonate (4.2 g, 13 mmol) and Pd(Ph₃P)₂Cl₂(0.030 g, 0.042 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. underan atmosphere of N₂ for 1 hour. The reaction was cooled to roomtemperature, poured into saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted withethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. Purification by silicagel chromatography (EtOAc in hexane) gave2-[4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridine(1-2) as a white solid. MS (M+H)⁺: calculated 421.47. found 421.51

4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzaldehyde (1-3)

To a solution of2-[4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridine(1-2) (1.0 g, 2.4 mmol) in NMP (25 mL) was added 6N HCl (10 mL). Thereaction was heated at 80° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture wascooled to room temperature, slowly quenched into saturated sodiumbicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organiclayers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated undervacuum to give4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzaldehyde (1-3)as a white solid. MS (M+H)⁺: calculated 377.42. found 377.51

2,2-dimethyl-3-({4[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-1-ol1-4

To a solution of4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzaldehyde (1-3)(0.11 g, 0.29 mmol) in NMP (10 mL) was added3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol (0.030 g, 0.29 mmol) and acetic acid(0.026 g, 0.43 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 2 hours,sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.092 g, 0.43 mmol) was added and thereaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. The reaction waspoured into saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethylacetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated under vacuum. Purification by reverse phasechromatography (5-95% acetonitrile/water/0.1% TFA; Water Sunfire C18)gave2,2-dimethyl-3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-1-ol(1-4) as a off white solid. HRMS (M+H)⁺: calculated 464.2207. found464.2194

The compounds in Table I were prepared according to the Reaction Schemesand Scheme 1.

TABLE 1 MS m/z MS m/z (M + H): (M + H): Cmp Structure Name calc′dobserved 1-5

3-hydroxy-N-{4-[3- phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4- yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-1- aminium trifluoroacetate 436.5339 436.5332 1-6

[1-(hydroxymethyl) cyclobutyl]-N-{4-[3- phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2- yl]benzyl}methanaminium trifluoroacetate476.6094 476.6016 1-7

[1-(hydroxymethyl) cyclopentyl]-N-{4-[3- phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2- yl]benzyl}methanaminium trifluoroacetate490.6339 490.6326 1-8

[1-(hydroxymethyl) cyclohexyl]-N-{4-[3- phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2- yl]benzyl}methanaminium trifluoroacetate504.6570 504.6572 1-9

4-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H- pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6- naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)butan-1- ol 450.5615 450.5601 1-10

2,2-dimethyl-N-{4-[3- phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4- yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-1-amine 448.5983 448.5986 1-11

2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H- pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6- naphthyridin-2-Yl]benzyl}amino)ethanol 422.5128 422.5117 1-12

[(1R,2S)-2-({4-[3-phenyl- 5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6- naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)cyclohexyl] methanol 490.6325 490.6338 1-13

(2S)-1-methoxy-3-({4-[3- phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4- yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan- 2-ol 466.5619 466.5685 1-14

1-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-yl]- N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H- pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2- yl]benzyl}methanamine 478.5770 478.5759 1-15

2-methyl-N-{4-[3-phenyl- 5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6- naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-1-amine 434.5660 434.5639 1-16

1-cyclopropyl-N-{4-[3- phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4- yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}methanamine 432.5487 432.5484 1-17

N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H- pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6- naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}cyclopentanamine 456.5701 456.5783 1-18

[(1S,2R)-2-({4-[3-phenyl- 5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6- naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)cyclohexyl] methanol 490.6329 490.6328 1-19

N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H- pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6- naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}-1H-indol-5- aminium trifluoroacetate 493.5977 493.5958 1-20

2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N- {4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H- pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2- yl]benzyl}ethanaminium trifluoroacetate 498.2279498.2284 1-21

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N- {4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H- pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2- yl]benzyl}ethanaminium chloride 498.2279 498.2224 1-22

1-hydroxy-1-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-N-{4-[3- phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2- yl]benzyl}propan-2- aminium trifluoroacetate528.6281 528.6284 1-23

(1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-N-{4-[3- phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2- yl]benzyl}propan-2- aminium trifluoroacetate528.6281 528.6281

(2,2-dimethyl-3-{[(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethyl]amino}propan-1-ol(2-6)tert-butyl({(E)-[4-(5-chloro-3-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl)phenyl]methylidene}amino)sulfoniumolate(2-2)

(S-(−)-2-methyl-2-propane-sulfinamide (13 g, 110 mmol), cupric sulfate(17 g, 95 mmol) and4-(5-chloro-3-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl)benzaldehyde (2-1, 17 g, 50mmol, Reference: WO2006135627A2, Dec. 21, 2006) were stirred undernitrogen in methylene chloride (100 mL) at 40° C. for 48 hours. Thereaction mixture was cooled, filtered through celite, rinsed withmethylene chloride, concentrated, and purified by silica gelchromatography (0-45% EtOAc in hexane with 5% DCM) to givetert-butyl({(E)-[4-(5-chloro-3-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl)phenyl]methylidene}amino)sulfoniumolate (2-2) as a pale'yellow foam. MS (M+H)⁺: 448.4

N-{1-[4-(5-chloro-3-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl}-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(2-3)

To a cooled (−10° C.) solution of 2-2 (1.0 g, 2.2 mmol) in methylenechloride (10 mL) was added methylmagnesium bromide (6.5 mL, 9.1 mmol,1.4M in 75:25 toluene:THF) dropwise. The reaction mixture was maintainedat −10° C. for 2 h before quenching with saturated ammonium chloridesolution and stirring overnight at rt. The resulting mixture wasextracted with methylene chloride, washed with brine, dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gelchromatography (0-5% MeOH in DCM) to give an off-white foam as 10:1mixture of diastereomers. The diastereomers were separated by reversephase HPLC to giveN-{1-[4-(5-chloro-3-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl}-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(2-3) as a white solid as the major isomer. MS (M+H)⁺: 464.4

(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethanamine(2-4)

A solution ofN-{1-[4-(5-chloro-3-phenyl-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl}-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(2-3, 0.10 g, 0.22 mmol), tert-butyl4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate(0.12 g, 0.39 mmol), cesium carbonate (0.21 g, 0.64 mmol) andbis(tri-t-butylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.013 g, 0.025 mmol) in a 7/3/1mixture of dioxane/ethanol/water (3 mL) was heated to 100° C. in amicrowave for 10 minutes. The crude reaction mixture was treated withHCl in ether (3 mL). After 30 minutes, the reaction was concentrated andpurified by reverse phase chromatography (5-95% acetonitrile/water/0.1%TFA, Sunfire C18) to give(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethanamine(2-4) as a white solid. MS (M+H)⁺: 428

3-{[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-2,2-dimethyl-N-[(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethyl]propan-1-amine(2-5)

To a solution of(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethanamine(2-4, 0.030 g, 0.070 mmol) in dichloroethane (0.5 mL) and NMP (0.5 mL)was added diisopropylethylamine (0.024 mL, 0.14 mmol),3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol (0.036 g, 0.11 mmol, Reference:Sugiyama, H.; Yokokawa, F.; Shioiri, T. Tetrahedron, 2003, 59(34),6579-6593)) and acetic acid (0.010 mL, 0.17 mmol). After stirring atroom temperature for 30 minutes, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.038 g,0.18 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperaturefor 15 hours. The reaction was poured into ethyl acetate, washed with 1Msodium hydroxide, water and brine. The organic layer was dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give3-{[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-2,2-dimethyl-N-[(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethyl]propan-1-amine(2-5) as an oil. MS (M+H)⁺: calculated 716.0. found 716.4

(2,2-dimethyl-3-{[(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethyl]amino}propan-1-ol(2-6)

To a solution of3-{[teri-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-2,2-dimethyl-N-[(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethyl]propan-1-amine(2-5, 0.050 g, 0.070 mmol) in THF (1.0 mL) was added 1Mtetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF (0.70 mL, 0.70 mmol) at roomtemperature and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15hours. The reaction was poured into ethyl acetate, washed with water andbrine. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated under vacuum. Purification by reverse phase chromatography(5-95% acetonitrile/water/0.1% TFA; Water Sunfire C18) gave(2,2-dimethyl-3-{[(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethyl]amino}propan-1-ol(2-6) as a yellow solid. HRMS (M+H)⁺: calculated 478.2602. found478.2626.

Example 1 Cloning of the Human Akt Isoforms and APH-Akt1

The pS2neo vector (deposited in the ATCC on Apr. 3, 2001 as ATCCPTA-3253) was prepared as follows: The pRmHA3 vector (prepared asdescribed in Nucl. Acid Res. 16:1043-1061 (1988)) was cut with BglII anda 2734 bp fragment was isolated. The pUChsneo vector (prepared asdescribed in EMBO J. 4:167-171 (1985)) was also cut with BglII and a4029 bp band was isolated. These two isolated fragments were ligatedtogether to generate a vector termed pS2neo-1. This plasmid contains apolylinker between a metallothionine promoter and an alcoholdehydrogenase poly A addition site. It also has a neo resistance genedriven by a heat shock promoter. The pS2neo-1 vector was cut withPsp{acute over (5)}II and BsiWI, Two complementary oligonucleotides weresynthesized and then annealed (CTGCGGCCGC (SEQ. ID. NO.: 1) andGTACGCGGCCGCAG (SEQ-ID.NO.: 2)). The cut pS2neo-1 and the annealedoligonucleotides were ligated together to generate a second vector,pS2neo. Added in this conversion was a NotI site to aid in thelinearization prior to transfection into S2 cells.

Human Akt1 gene was amplified by PCR (Clontech) out of a human spleencDNA (Clontech) using the 5′ primer:5′CGCGAATTCAGATCTACCATGAGCGACGTGGCTATTGTG 3′ (SEQ. ID. NO.: 3), and the3′ primer: 5′CGCTCTAGAGGATCCTCAGGCCGTGCTGCTGGC3′ (SEQ. ID. NO.: 4). The5′ primer included an EcoRI and BgIII site. The 3′ primer included anXbaI and BamHI site for cloning purposes. The resultant PCR product wassubcloned into pGEM3Z (Promega) as an EcoRI/Xba I fragment. Forexpression/purification purposes, a middle T tag was added to the 5′ endof the full length Akt1 gene using the PCR primer:5′GTACGATGCTGAACGATATCTTCG 3′ (SEQ. ID. NO.: 5). The resulting PCRproduct encompassed a 5′ KpnI site and a 3′ BamHI site which were usedto subclone the fragment in frame with a biotin tag containing insectcell expression vector, pS2neo.

For the expression of a pleckstrin homology domain (PH) deleted (Aaa4-129, which includes deletion of a portion of the Akt1 hinge region)version of Akt1, PCR deletion mutagenesis was done using the full lengthAkt1 gene in the pS2neo vector as template. The PCR was carried out in 2steps using overlapping internal primers(5′GAATACATGCCGATGGAAAGCGACGGGGCTGAAGAGATGGAGGTG 3′ (SEQ. ID. NO.: 6),and 5′CCCCTCCATCTCTTCAGCCCCGTCGCTTTCCATCGGCATG TATTC 3′ (SEQ. ID. NO.:7)) which encompassed the deletion and 5′ and 3′ flanking primers whichencompassed the KptI site and middle T tag on the 5′ end. The final PCRproduct was digested with KpnI and SmaI and ligated into the pS2neo fulllength Akt1 KpnI/SmaI cut vector, effectively replacing the 5′ end ofthe clone with the deleted version. Human Akt3 gene was amplified by PCRof adult brain cDNA (Clontech) using the amino terminal oligo primer: 5′GAATTCAGATCTACCATGAGCGATGTTACCATTGTG 3′ (SEQ.ID.NO.: 8); and the carboxyterminal oligo primer: 5′ TCTAGATCTTATTCTCGTCCACTTGCAGAG 3′(SEQ. ID.NO.: 9). These primers included a 5′ EcoRI/BglIII site and a 3′XbaI/BglII site for cloning purposes. The resultant PCR product wascloned into the EcoRI and XbaI sites of pGEM4Z (Promega). Forexpression/purification purposes, a middle T tag was added to the 5′ endof the full length Akt3 clone using the PCR primer:5′GGTACCATGGAATACATGCCGATGGAAAGCGATGTTACCATTGTGAAG 3′(SEQ. ID. NO.: 10).The resultant PCR product encompassed a 5′ KpnI site which allowed inframe cloning with the biotin tag containing insect cell expressionvector, pS2neo.

Human Akt2 gene was amplified by PCR from human thymus cDNA (Clontech)using the amino terminal oligo primer: 5′AAGCTTAGATCTACCATGAATGAGGTGTCTGTC 3′ (SEQ.ID.NO.: 11); and the carboxyterminal oligo primer: 5′GAATTCGGATCCTCACTCGCGGATGCTGGC 3′ (SEQ.ID.NO.:12). These primers included a 5′ HindIII/BglII site and a 3′ EcoRI/BamHIsite for cloning purposes. The resultant PCR product was subcloned intothe HindIII/EcoRI sites of pGem3Z (Promega). For expression/purificationpurposes, a middle T tag was added to the 5′ end of the full length Akt2using the PCR primer:5′GGTACCATGGAATACATGCCGATGGAAAATGAGGTGTCTGTCATCAAAG 3′ (SEQ. ID. NO.:13). The resultant PCR product was subcloned into the pS2neo vector asdescribed above.

Example 2 Expression of Human Akt Isoforms and ΔPH-Akt1

The DNA containing the cloned Akt1, Akt2, Akt3 and ΔPH-Akt1 genes in thepS2neo expression vector was purified and used to transfect DrosophilaS2 cells (ATCC) by the calcium phosphate method. Pools of antibiotic(G418, 500 μg/ml) resistant cells were selected. Cell were expanded to a1.0 L volume (˜7.0×10⁶/ml), biotin and CuSO₄ were added to a finalconcentration of 50 μM and 50 mM respectively. Cells were grown for 72 hat 27° C. and harvested by centrifugation. The cell paste was frozen at−70° C. until needed.

Example 3 Purification of Human Akt Isoforms and ΔPH-Akt1

Cell paste from one liter of S2 cells, described in Example 2, was lysedby sonication with 50 mls 1% CHAPS in buffer A: (50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 1 mMEDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 0.2 mM AEBSF, 10 μg/ml benzamidine, 5 μg/ml ofleupeptin, aprotinin and pepstatin each, 10% glycerol and 1 mM DTT). Thesoluble fraction was purified on a Protein G Sepharose fast flow(Pharmacia) column loaded with 9 mg/ml anti-middle T monoclonal antibodyand eluted with 75 μM EYMPME (SEQ. ID. NO.: 14) peptide in buffer Acontaining 25% glycerol. Akt/PKB containing fractions were pooled andthe protein purity evaluated by SDS-PAGE. The purified protein wasquantitated using a standard Bradford protocol. Purified protein wasflash frozen on liquid nitrogen and stored at −70° C.

Akt and Akt pleckstrin homology domain deletions purified from S2 cellsrequired activation. Akt and Akt pleckstrin homology domain deletionswere activated (Alessi et al. Current Biology 7:261-269) in a reactioncontaining 10 nM PDK1 (Upstate Biotechnology, Inc.), lipid vesicles (10μM phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate—Metreya, Inc, 100 μMphosphatidylcholine and 100 μM phosphatidylserine—Avanti Polar lipids,Inc.) and activation buffer (50 mM Tris pH7.4, 1.0 mM DTT, 0.1 mM EGTA,1.0 μM Microcystin—LR, 0.1 mM ATP, 10 mM MgCl₂, 333 μg/ml BSA and 0.1 mMEDTA). The reaction was incubated at 22° C. for 4 hours. Aliquots wereflash frozen in liquid nitrogen.

Example 4 Akt Kinase Assays

Activated Akt isoforms and pleckstrin homology domain deletionconstructs were assayed utilizing a GSK-derived biotinylated peptidesubstrate. The extent of peptide phosphorylation was determined byHomogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) using a lanthanidechelate(Lance)-coupled monoclonal antibody specific for thephosphopeptide in combination with a streptavidin-linked allophycocyanin(SA-APC) fluorophore which will bind to the biotin moiety on thepeptide. When the Lance and APC are in proximity (i.e. bound to the samephosphopeptide molecule), a non-radiative energy transfer takes placefrom the Lance to the APC, followed by emission of light from APC at 665nm.

Materials Required for the Assay:

A. Activated Akt isozyme or pleckstrin homology domain deleted constructB. Akt peptide substrate: GSK3α (S21) Peptide #3928 biotin-GGRARTSSFAEPG(SEQ. ID. NO.:15), Macromolecular Resources.C. Lance labeled anti-phospho GSK3a monoclonal antibody (Cell SignalingTechnology, clone # 27).D. SA-APC (Prozyme catalog no. MS lot # 896067).

E. Microfluor B U Bottom Microtiter Plates (Dynex Technologies, Catalogno. 7205). F. Discovery® HTRF Microplate Analyzer, Packard InstrumentCompany.

G. 100× Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (PIC): 1 mg/ml benzamidine, 0.5mg/ml pepstatin, 0.5 mg/ml leupeptin, 0.5 mg/ml aprotinin.H. 10× Assay Buffer: 500 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 1% PEG, mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA,1% BSA, 20 mM l-Glycerol phosphate.T. Quench Buffer: 50 mM HEPES pH 7.3, 16.6 mM EDTA, 0.1% BSA, 0.1%Triton X-100, 0.17 nM Lance labeled monoclonal antibody clone # 27,0.0067 mg/ml SA-APCJ. ATP/MgCl₂ working solution: 1× Assay buffer, 1 mM DTT, 1×PIC, 125 mMKCl, 5% Glycerol, 25 mM MgCl₂, 375 TM ATPK. Enzyme working solution: 1× Assay buffer, 1 mM DTT, 1×PIC, 5%Glycerol, active Akt. The final enzyme concentrations were selected sothat the assay was in a linear response range.L. Peptide working solution: 1× Assay buffer, 1 mM DTT, 1×PIC, 5%Glycerol, 2 TM GSK3 biotinylated peptide # 3928

The reaction is assembled by adding 16 TL of the ATP/MgCl₂ workingsolution to the appropriate wells of a 96-well microtiter plate.Inhibitor or vehicle (1.0 Tl) is added followed by 10 Tl of peptideworking solution. The reaction is started by adding 13 Tl of the enzymeworking solution and mixing. The reaction is allowed to proceed for 50mM and then stopped by the addition of 60 TI HTRF quench buffer. Thestopped reactions were incubated at room temperature for at least 30 minand then read on the Discovery instrument.

Procedure for Streptavidin Flash Plate Assay: Step 1:

A 1 μl solution of the test compound in 100% DMSO was added to 20 μl of2× substrate solution (20 uM GSK3 Peptide, 300 μM ATP, 20 mM MgCl₂, 20μCi/ml [γ³³P]ATP, 1× Assay Buffer, 5% glycerol, 1 mM DTT, 1×PIC, 0.1%BSA and 100 mM KCl). Phosphorylation reactions were initiated by adding19 μl of 2× Enzyme solution (6.4 nM active Akt/PKB, 1× Assay Buffer, 5%glycerol, 1 mM DTT, 1×PIC and 0.1% BSA). The reactions were thenincubated at room temperature for 45 minutes.

Step 2:

The reaction was stopped by adding 170 μl of 125 mM EDTA. 200 μl ofstopped reaction was transferred to a Streptavidin Flashplate® PLUS (NENLife Sciences, catalog no. SMP103). The plate was incubated for >10minutes at room temperature on a plate shaker. The contents of each wellwas aspirated, and the wells rinsed 2 times with 200 μl TBS per well.The wells were then washed 3 times for 5 minutes with 200 μl TBS perwell with the plates incubated at room temperature on a platform shakerduring wash steps.

The plates were covered with sealing tape and counted using the Packard

TopCount with the appropriate settings for counting [³³P] inFlashplates.

Procedure for Streptavidin Filter Plate Assay: Step 1:

The enzymatic reactions as described in Step 1 of the Streptavidin FlashPlate Assay above were performed.

Step 2:

The reaction was stopped by adding 20 μl of 7.5M GuanidineHydrochloride. 50 μl of the stopped reaction was transferred to theStreptavidin filter plate (SAM^(2TM) Biotin Capture Plate, Promega,catalog no. V7542) and the reaction was incubated on the filter for 1-2minutes before applying vacuum.

The plate was then washed using a vacuum manifold as follows: 1) 4×200μl/well of 2M NaCl; 2) 6×200 μl/well of 2M NaCl with 1% H₃PO₄; 3) 2×200μl/well of diH₂0; and 4) 2×100 μl/well of 95% Ethanol. The membraneswere then allowed to air dry completely before adding scintillant.

The bottom of the plate was sealed with white backing tape, 30 μl/wellof Microscint 20 (Packard Instruments, catalog no. 6013621) was added.The top of the plate was sealed with clear sealing tape, and the platethen counted using the Packard TopCount with the appropriate settingsfor [³³P] with liquid scintillant.

Procedure for Phosphocellulose Filter Plate Assay: Step 1:

The enzymatic reactions were performed as described in Step 1 of theStreptavidin Flash Plate Assay (above) utilizing KKGGRARTSSFAEPG (SEQ.ID. NO.: 16) as the substrate in place of biotin-GGRARTSSFAEPG.

Step 2:

The reaction was stopped by adding 20 μl of 0.75% H₃PO₄. 50 μl ofstopped reaction was transferred to the filter plate (UNIFILTER™,Whatman P81 Strong Cation Exchanger, White Polystyrene 96 Well Plates,Polyfiltronics, catalog no. 7700-3312) and the reaction incubated on thefilter for 1-2 minutes before applying vacuum.

The plate was then washed using a vacuum manifold as follows: 1) 9×200μl/well of 0.75% H₃PO₄; and 2) 2×200 μl/well of diH₂0. The bottom of theplate was sealed with white backing tape, then 30 μl/well of Microscint20 was added. The top of the plate was sealed with clear sealing tape,and the plate counted using the Packard TopCount with the appropriatesettings for [³³P] and liquid scintillant.

PKA Assay:

Each individual PKA assay consists of the following components:

A. 5×PKA assay buffer (200 mM Tris pH7.5, 100 mM MgCl₂, 5 mMmercaptoethanol, 0.5 mM EDTA)B. 50 μM stock of Kemptide (Sigma) diluted in waterC. ³³P-ATP prepared by diluting 1.0 μl ³³P-ATP [10 mCi/ml] into 200 Tiof a 50 μM stock of unlabeled ATPD. 10 μl of a 70 nM stock of PKA catalytic subunit (UBI catalog #14-114)diluted in 0.5 mg/ml BSAE. PKA/Kemptide working solution: equal volumes of 5×PKA assay buffer,Kemptide solution and PKA catalytic subunit.

The reaction is assembled in a 96 deep-well assay plate. The inhibitoror vehicle (10 Tl) is added to 10 Tl of the ³³P-ATP solution. Thereaction is initiated by adding 30 Tl of the PKA/Kemptide workingsolution to each well. The reactions were mixed and incubated at roomtemperature for 20 min. The reactions were stopped by adding 50 TI of100 mM EDTA and 100 mM sodium pyrophosphate and mixing.

The enzyme reaction product (phosphorylated Kemptide) was collected onp81 phosphocellulose 96 well filter plates (Millipore). To prepare theplate, each well of a p81 filter plate was filled with 75 mM phosphoricacid. The wells were emptied through the filter by applying a vacuum tothe bottom of the plate. Phosphoric acid (75 mM, 170 μl) was added toeach well. A 30 μl aliquot from each stopped PKA reaction was added tocorresponding wells on the filter plate containing the phosphoric acid.The peptide was trapped on the filter following the application of avacuum and the filters were washed 5 times with 75 mM phosphoric acid.After the final wash, the filters were allowed to air dry. Scintillationfluid (30 μl) was added to each well and the filters counted on aTopCount (Packard).

PKC Assay:

Each PKC assay consists of the following components:A. 10×PKC co-activation buffer: 2.5 mM EGTA, 4 mM CaCl₂B. 5×PKC activation buffer: 1.6 mg/ml phosphatidylserine, 0.16 mg/mldiacylglycerol, 100 mM Tris p14 7.5, 50 mM MgCl₂, 5 mM l-mercaptoethanolC. ³³P-ATP prepared by diluting 1.0 μl ³³P-ATP [10 mCi/ml]into 100 μl ofa 100 μM stock of unlabeled ATPD. Myelin basic protein (350 μg/ml, UBI) diluted in waterE. PKC (50 ng/ml, UBI catalog #14-115) diluted into 0.5 mg/ml BSAF. PKC/Myelin Basic Protein working solution: Prepared by mixing 5volumes each of PKC co-activation buffer and Myelin Basic protein with10 volumes each of PKC activation buffer and PKC.

The assays were assembled in 96 deep-well assay plates. Inhibitor orvehicle (10 Tl) was added to 5.0 ul of ³³P-ATP. Reactions were initiatedwith the addition of the PKC/Myelin Basic Protein working solution andmixing. Reactions were incubated at 30° C. for 20 min. The reactionswere stopped by adding 50 T1 of 100 mM EDTA and 100 mM sodiumpyrophosphate and mixing. Phosphorylated Mylein Basic Protein wascollected on PVDF membranes in 96 well filter plates and quantitated byscintillation counting.

Compounds of the instant invention described in the Schemes and Tableswere tested in the assay described above and were found to have IC₅₀ of<50 μM against one or more of Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3.

Example 5 Cell based Assays to Determine Inhibition of Akt/PKB

Cells (for example LnCaP or a PTEN^((−/−)) tumor cell line withactivated Akt/PKB) were plated in 100 mM dishes. When the cells wereapproximately 70 to 80% confluent, the cells were refed with 5 mls offresh media and the test compound added in solution. Controls includeduntreated cells, vehicle treated cells and cells treated with eitherLY294002 (Sigma) or wortmanin (Sigma) at 20 μM or 200 nM, respectively.The cells were incubated for 2, 4 or 6 hrs, and the media removed, thecells were washed with PBS, scraped and transferred to a centrifugetube. They were pelleted and washed again with PBS. Finally, the cellpellet was resuspended in lysis buffer (20 mM Tris pH8, 140 mM NaCl, 2mM EDTA, 1% Triton, 1 mM Na Pyrophosphate, 10 mM 4-Glycerol Phosphate,10 mM NaF, 0.5 mm NaVO₄, 1 μM Microsystine, and 1× Protease InhibitorCocktail), placed on ice for 15 minutes and gently vortexed to lyse thecells. The lysate was spun in a Beckman tabletop ultra centrifuge at100,000×g at 4° C. for 20 min. The supernatant protein was quantitatedby a standard Bradford protocol (BioRad) and stored at −70° C. untilneeded.

Proteins were immunoprecipitated (IP) from cleared lysates as follows:For Akt1/PKBI, lysates are mixed with Santa Cruz sc-7126 (D-17) in NETN(100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5% NP-40) and Protein AIGAgarose (Santa Cruz sc-2003) was added. For Akt2/PKB9, lysates weremixed in NETN with anti-Akt2 agarose (Upstate Biotechnology #16-174) andfor Akt3/PKBK, lysates were mixed in NETN with anti-Akt3 agarose(Upstate Biotechnology #16-175). The IPs were incubated overnight at 4°C., washed and seperated by SDS-PAGE.

Western blots were used to analyze total Akt, pThr308 Akt1, pSer473Akt1, and corresponding phosphorylation sites on Akt2 and Akt3, anddownstream targets of Akt using specific antibodies (Cell SignalingTechnology): Anti-Total Akt (cat. no. 9272), Anti-Phopho Akt Serine 473(cat. no. 9271), and Anti-Phospho Akt Threonine 308 (cat. no. 9275).After incubating with the appropriate primary antibody diluted inPBS+0.5% non-fat dry milk (NFDM) at 4° C. overnight, blots were washed,incubated with Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)—tagged secondary antibody inPBS+0.5% NFDM for 1 hour at room temperature. Proteins were detectedwith ECL Reagents (Amersham/Pharmacia Biotech RPN2134).

Example 6 Heregulin Stimulated Akt Activation

MCF7 cells (a human breast cancer line that is PTEN^(+/+)) were platedat 1×10⁶ cells per 100 mM plate. When the cells were 70-80% confluent,they were referred with 5 ml of serum free media and incubatedovernight. The following morning, compound was added and the cells wereincubated for 1-2 hrs, after which time heregulin was added (to inducethe activation of Akt) for 30 minutes and the cells were analyzed asdescribed above.

Example 7 Inhibition of Tumor Growth

In vivo efficacy of an inhibitor of the growth of cancer cells may beconfirmed by several protocols well known in the art.

Human tumor cell lines which exhibit a deregulation of the PI3K pathway(such as LnCaP, PC3, C33a, OVCAR-3, MDA-MB-468, A2780 or the like) areinjected subcutaneously into the left flank of 6-10 week old female nude(also male mice [age 10-14 weeks] are used for prostate tumor xenografts[LnCaP and PC3]) mice (Harlan) on day 0. The mice are randomly assignedto a vehicle, compound or combination treatment group. Dailysubcutaneous administration begins on day 1 and continues for theduration of the experiment. Alternatively, the inhibitor test compoundmay be administered by a continuous infusion pump. Compound, compoundcombination or vehicle is delivered in a total volume of 0.2 ml. Tumorsare excised and weighed when all of the vehicle-treated animalsexhibited lesions of 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter, typically 4 to 5.5 weeksafter the cells were injected. The average weight of the tumors in eachtreatment group for each cell line is calculated.

Example 8 Spot Multiplex Assay

This procedure describes a sandwich immunoassay used to detect multiplephosphorylated proteins in the same well of a 96 well format plate. Celllysates are incubated in 96-well plates on which different captureantibodies are placed on spatially distinct spots in the same well.Phoshorylation-specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies are added and thecomplex is detected by an anti-rabbit antibody labeled with anelectrochemiluminescent tag.

96-Well LNCaP Plates +/−Compounds:

Spin in Beckman 36 1200 rpm 10 min, aspirate media. Add 50 μl/well: TBS(Pierce #28376-20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl)+1% Triton X-100+ Proteaseand Phosphatase Inhibitors. Wrap in plastic wrap, place in −70° C.freezer until completely frozen. Block Multiplex Plates (Meso ScaleDiscovery, Gaithersburg, Md.) with 3% Blocker A in 1× Tris Wash Buffer,1500/well. Cover with plate sealer, incubate on Micromix shaker RT 2 h(minimum). Wash with 1×RCM 51 (TTBS). Thaw cell lysate plates on ice,add 40 μl lysate/well into blocked plates. Cover with plate sealer,incubate on Micromix shaker 4° C., O/N, Wash with 1×RCM 51. DiluteSecondary Antibodies in 1% Blocker A in 1× Tris Wash Buffer: Antiphospho AKT (T308), Anti phospho Tuberin (T1462), alone or incombination. Add 25 μl/well, cover with plate sealer, incubate onMicromix shaker RT 3 h. Wash with 1×RCM 51. Dilute Ru-GAR in 1% BlockerA in 1× Tris Wash Buffer. Add 25 μl/well, cover with plate sealer,incubate on Micromix shaker RT 1 h. Wash with 1×RCM 51. Dilute 4× ReadBuffer T to 1× with Water, add 200 μl diluted Read Buffer/well

Read on Sector 6000 Imager. Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitors:

Microcystin-LR, Calbiochem # 475815 to 1 μM final concentration(stock=500 μM)

Calbiochem # 524624, 100× Set I Calbiochem # 524625, 100× Set IICalbiochem # 539134, 100× Set III Anti Phospho AKT (T308): CellSignaling Technologies # 9275 Anti Phospho Tuberin (T1462): CovanceAffinity Purified (Rabbits MS 2731/2732)

Ru-GAR=Ruthenylated Goat anti Rabbit

10× Tris Wash Buffer, Blocker A and 4× Read Buffer T 10×RCM 51 (10×TTBS,RCM 51) 1X=20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 140 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20 Example 9Cell-Based (In-Vivo) Assay

This procedure describes a cell-based (in vivo) activity assay for theAkt serine/threonine kinase. Activated endogenous Akt is capable ofphosphorylating a specific Akt substrate (GSK3 (3) peptide which isbiotinylated. Detection is performed by Homogeneous Time ResolvedFluorescence (HTRF) using a Europium Kryptate [Eu(K)] coupled antibodyspecific for the phosphopeptide and streptavidin linked XL665fluorophore which will bind to the biotin moiety on the peptide. Whenthe [Eu(K)] and XL665 are in proximity (i.e. bound to the samephosphopeptide molecule) a non-radiative energy transfer takes placefrom the Eu(K) to the XL665, followed by emission of light from XL665 at665 nm. The assay can be used to detect inhibitors of all three Aktisozymes (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3) from multiple different species ifspecific antibodies to each exist.

Materials and Reagents

A. Cell Culture Microtiter Flat Bottom 96 well plates, Corning Costar,Catalog no. 3598B. Reacti-Bind Protein A Coated 96-well plates, Pierce, Catalog no15130.C. Reacti-Bind Protein G Coated 96-well plates, Pierce, Catalog no15131.

D. Micromix 5 Shaker. E. Microfluor®B U Bottom Microtiter Plates, DynexTechnologies, Catalog no. 7205.

F. 96 Well Plate Washer, Bio-Tek Instruments, Catalog no. EL 404.

G. Discovery® HTRF Microplate Analyzer, Packard Instrument Company.Buffer Solutions

A. IP Kinase Cell Lysis Buffer: 1×TBS; 0.2% Tween 20; 1× ProteaseInhibitor Cocktail III (Stock is 100×, Calbiochem, 539134); 1×Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail I (Stock is 100×, Calbiochem, 524624);and 1× Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail II (Stock is 100×, Calbiochem,524625).B. 10× Assay Buffer: 500 mM Hepes pH 7.5; 1% PEG; 1 mM EDTA; 1 mM EGTA;and 20 mM β-glycerophosphate.

C. IP Kinase Assay Buffer: 1× Assay Buffer; 50 mM KCl; 150 uM ATP; 10 mMMgCl₂; 5% Glycerol; 1 mM DTT; 1 Tablet Protease Inhibitor Cocktail per50 ml Assay Buffer; and 0.1% BSA

D. GSK3β Substrate Solution: IP Kinase Assay Buffer; and 500 nMBiotinylated GSK3β peptide.

E. Lance Buffer: 50 mM Hepes pH 7.5; 0.1% BSA; and 0.1% Triton X-100. F.Lance Stop Buffer: Lance Buffer; and 33.3 mM EDTA.

G. Lance Detection Buffer: Lance Buffer; 13.3 mg/ml SA-APC; and 0.665 nMEuK Ab a-phospho (Ser-21) GSK3B

Multi-Step Immunoprecipitation Akt Kinase Assay Day 1

A. Seed C33a cells Step: Plate 60,000 C33a cells/well in 96 wellmicrotiter plate.B. Incubate cells overnight at 37° C.

Day 2

D. Compound Addition Step: Add compounds in fresh media (alpha-MEM/10%FBS, room temp) to 96 well plate from above and incubate for 5 his intissue culture incubator.E. Cell Lysis Step: Aspirate media and add 100 μl of IP Kinase CellLysis Buffer.F. Freeze 96 well microtiter plate at −70° C. (NOTE: This step can bedone for a minimum of 1 hour or overnight.)

Day 3

G. Coat Protein A/G 96 well plate Step: Add appropriate concentration ofa-Akt antibody (Akt1, Akt2, or Akt3) in a 100 ul of PBS to the followingwells:

-   -   α-Akt 1 (20 ng/well/100 ul) B2>>>>>>B10/rows B-G/Akt1 plate        α-Akt 2 (50 ng/well/100 ul) B2>>>>>>B10/rows B-G/Akt2 plate    -   Rabbit-IgG (150 ng/well/100 ul): B11-G11 on every plate (Akt1        and Akt2)        H. Incubate in the cold room (+4° C.) for 4 hours on the        Micromix 5 (Form 20; Attitude 2) (NOTE: Attitude depends on        which Micromix 5 machine).        I. Aspirate off α-Akt antibody solution and add 100 μl of PBS to        each well.        J. Akt Immunoprecipitation Step: To the 100 μl of PBS from        Step(I) add 5 μl of thawed cell lystate for Akt1 plates and 10        μl of thawed cell lysate for Akt2 plates. NOTE: Thaw cell lysate        on ice. Mix thawed lysate by pipetting up & down 10× before        transferring to antibody plates. Keep the cell lysate plates on        ice. After transfer of cell lysate to the antibody plates        refreeze the cell lysate plates at −70° C.        K. Incubate in the cold room (+4° C.) overnight on Micromix 5        shaker (form 20, attitude 3).

Day 4

L. Immunoprecipitation Plate Wash Step: Wash 96 well plates 1× with TTBS(RCM 51, 1X=2 cycles) using the 96-Well Plate Washer. Fill wells withTTBS and incubate for 10 minutes. Wash 96 well plates 2× with TTBS.(NOTE: Prime plate washer before use: 1. Check buffer reservoirs, makingsure they are full and 2. empty waste containers.M. Manual Plate Wash Step: Add 180 μl of IP Kinase Assay buffer.N. Start Akt Enzyme Reaction: Aspirate supernatant. Add 60 μl of GSK30Substrate Solution.O. Incubate for 2.5 hours on Micromix 5 shaker @ RT. NOTE: Time ofincubation should be adjusted so that the ratio of Column 10/Column 11is not >10.P. Combine 30 p. 1 of Lance Detection Buffer with 30 it of Lance StopBuffer (60 μl total/well) and add to Microfluor U bottom 96 well blackplates.Q. Stop Akt Enzyme Reaction: Transfer 40 μl of Akt Enzyme Reaction Mixfrom Protein AIG 96 well plate from Step (O) to Microfluor U bottom 96well black plates from Step (P).U. Incubate at room temperature for 1-2 hrs on Micromix 5 shaker (form20, attitude 3), then read with the Discovery HTRF Microplate Analyzerusing Akt program.

IP Kinase Cell Lysis Buffer 100 μl per well 8 ml 45 ml (1 Plate) (6Plates) 1X TBS 7744 μl NA Tween 20  20 μl NA 1X Protease InhibitorCocktail III  80 μl NA 1X Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail 450 μl I  80 μl450 μl 1X Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail 450 μl II  80 μl Microcystin LR(500X)  90 μl

IP Kinase Assay Buffer 100 μl per well 8 ml 50 ml (1 Plate) (3 Plates)10X Assay Buffer 800 μl 5 ml 1M KCl 400 μl 2.5 ml 250 mM ATP 4.8 μl 30μl 1M MgCl₂ 80 μl 500 μl Glycerol 400 μl 2.5 ml 1M DTT 8 μl 50 μlProtease Inhibitor Cocktail 1 tablet/50 ml 1 10% BSA 80 μl 500 μl didH₂0 6227.2 μl 38.9 ml

GSK3β Substrate Solution 60 μl per well 5 ml (1 Plate) 7 ml IP KinaseAssay Buffer 5 ml — 1 mM GSK3β peptide 2.5 μl 3.5 μl

Lance Stop Buffer 30 μl per well 3 ml (1 Plate) 5 ml 5 ml 1X LanceBuffer 2800.2 μl EDTA 0.5M  199.8 μl

Lance Detection Buffer 30 μl per well 3 ml (1 Plate) 5 ml SA-APC (1mg/ml in ddH2O,  40 μl 66.7 μl dilute 1/75.2 in Lance Buffer) EuK Aba-phospho (Ser 2.7 μl  4.5 μl 21)GSK3β (680 nM, dilute 1/1133 in LanceBuffer)

1. A compound according to Formula A:

wherein: R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl; R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkylor heterocyclyl which are optionally substituted with from one to threesubstituents selected from OH, O(C₁-C₆)alkyl, phenyl and heterocyclyl,wherein said phenyl is optionally substituted with from one to threesubstituents selected from OH; and R³ is a (C₁-C₃)alkyl or hydrogen; ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof.
 2. Acompound according to Formula A of claim 1, wherein: R¹ is aryl orheteroaryl; R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl which is optionally substituted withfrom one to three substituents selected from OH, O(C₁-C₆)alkyl andphenyl, wherein said phenyl is optionally substituted with from one tothree substituents selected from OH; and R³ is methyl or hydrogen; or apharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof.
 3. Acompound according to Formula A of claim 1, wherein: R¹ is 4-pyrazolyl;R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl or heterocyclyl which are optionally substitutedwith from one to three substituents selected from OH, O(C₁-C₆)alkyl,phenyl and heterocyclyl, wherein said phenyl is optionally substitutedwith from one to three substituents selected from OH; and R³ is methylor hydrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomerthereof.
 4. A compound according to Formula A of claim 1, wherein: R¹ is4-pyrazolyl; R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl which is optionally substituted withfrom one to three substituents selected from OH, O(C₁-C₆)alkyl andphenyl, wherein said phenyl is optionally substituted with from one tothree substituents selected from OH; and R³ is methyl or hydrogen; or apharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof.
 5. Acompound according to Formula A of claim 1, wherein: R¹ is 4-pyrazolyl;R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl which is optionally substituted with from one tothree substituents selected from OH and O(C₁-C₆)alkyl; and R³ is methylor hydrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomerthereof.
 6. A compound according to Formula A of claim 1, wherein: R¹ is4-pyrazolyl; R² is a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl which is optionally substituted withfrom one to three substituents selected from OH and OCH₃; and R³ ismethyl or hydrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or astereoisomer thereof.
 7. A compound which is selected from:2,2-dimethyl-3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-1-ol;3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-1-ol;{1-[({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)methyl]cyclobutyl}methanol;{1-[({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)methyl]cyclopentyl}methanol;{1-[({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)methyl]cyclohexyl}methanol;4-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)butan-1-ol;2,2-dimethyl-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-1-amine;2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)ethanol;[(1R,2S)-2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)cyclohexyl]methanol;(2S)-1-methoxy-3-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propan-2-ol;1-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-yl]-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}methanamine;2-methyl-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}propan-1-amine;1-cyclopropyl-N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}methanamine;N-4-{3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}cyclopentanamine;[(1S,2R)-2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)cyclohexyl]methanol;N-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}-1H-indol-5-amine;3-[2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)ethyl]phenol;4-[2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)ethyl]phenol;4-[1-hydroxy-2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propyl]phenol;4-[(1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-({4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]benzyl}amino)propyl]phenol;and(2,2-dimethyl-3-{[(1R)-1-{4-[3-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]phenyl}ethyl]amino}propan-1-ol;or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
 8. Apharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier, anddispersed therein, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound ofclaim
 1. 9. The use of the compound according to claim 1 for thepreparation of a medicament useful in the treatment or prevention ofcancer in a mammal in need of such treatment.